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CHAPTER 6 Pipeline Emergency Response Operations
• Documenting results to measure performance and facilitate corrective action. The overall strategic goals and tactical objectives are communi- cated through the Incident Action Plan (IAP).
Pre-designated Incident Facilities—Emergencies require a central point
for communications and coordination. Depending on the incident size, several types of pre-designated facilities may be established to meet ICS requirements. These are:
• Incident Command Post (ICP). The on-scene location where the IC develops goals and objectives, communicates with subordinates, and coordinates activities between various agencies and organizations. The ICP is the “field office” for on-scene response operations, and requires access to communications, information, and both technical and admin- istrative support. The IC should remain at the ICP so that he/she is read- ily accessible to all personnel.
• Emergency Operations Center (EOC). The ICP is the nerve center of on- scene operations and is usually located near the scene of the emergency. However, if the scope of the pipeline incident increases, an EOC would then be activated. In this situation, overall command would be trans- ferred to the EOC, while on-scene response operations would continue to be managed from the ICP. All communications with the media and outside agencies would now be coordinated through the EOC. Based on physical needs and safety requirements, the EOC is normally remote from the emergency scene.
It is important to understand the differences and relationship between the ICP and the EOC when both are operating simultaneously at a major emergency. The ICP is primarily oriented toward tactical control issues pertaining to the on-scene response, while the EOC deals with both strategic and external world issues and coordinates all logistical and resource support for on-scene operations. Depending on the location of the incident, an EOC for a pipeline event may either be a government agency facility or a stand-alone facility established at a hotel or occu- pancy with comparable capabilities.
• Staging Area. The designated location where emergency response equip- ment and personnel are assigned on an immediately available basis until they are needed. Staging is effective when the IC anticipates that addi- tional resources may be required and orders them to respond to a pre- designated area approximately three minutes from the scene. In simple terms, staging is the IC’s tool box.
Staging becomes an element within the Operations Section. The Staging Area Manager is responsible to account for all incoming emergency response units, to dispatch resources to the emergency scene at the request of the IC, and to request additional emergency resources, as necessary. At a major pipeline oil spill, multiple staging areas may be required based upon the size and geography of the impacted area.
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