Physical and Chemical Properties LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS
Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) is a flammable gas composed predominantly of the following hydrocarbons, either by themselves or as mixtures: propane (C3H8), propylene (CsH6), and butane (C4H10). Depending on the mixture, the flammable range can be from approximately 2.00% to 11.00 %. The chart below shows the respective flammable ranges for the main constituents of LPG.
Propane Butane
Propylene
Flammability Hazards of LPG LFL = 2.15%
LFL = 1.55% LFL = 2.00%
UFL = 9.60% UFL = 8.60% UFL = 11.10%
LPG vapor is about 1.5 times heavier than air (air = 1.00). LPG dissipates
readily in open air, but under the right conditions, propane gas may settle in low unventilated areas and can become concentrated if there is little or no air movement.
There are four danger areas in an LPG release. First is the LPG liquid spill
where the liquid is rapidly expanding into gas. This area should never be en- tered. Second is the visible vapor cloud, a white cloud hovering at ground level, where the gas-air mixture is too rich to burn. Third is the invisible vapor cloud, the outer edge of the white cloud, that may or may not ignite, depending on the gas-air mixture. Fourth is the flash fire area- the outer area of the invis- ible vapor cloud where ignition may occur, and flash back to the source of the leak. See Figure 4-17 below and click on the film icons to learn more about the danger areas of an LPG release.
LPG Liquid Spill Area—Expands from 1 to 270. Never enter into a spill.
Visible Vapor Cloud Area—A white cloud hovering at ground level. This cloud is too rich and will not burn.
LPG Wind Direction
Liquid Spill Area
Invisible Vapor Cloud Area—The outer edge of the white cloud where vaporization occurs. It may or may not ignite depending on the air gas mixture.
Visible Vapor Cloud Area
Invisible Vapor Cloud Area
Flash Fire Area—The outer area of the spill where ignition may occur and rapidly flash and burn back to the source of the leak.
Flash Fire
Area LPG Pipelines
103
V4.9
Four Danger Areas Figure 4.17 The four danger areas of a propane emergency.
Concept by Hugh Keepers
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