GLOSSARY
(ALARA). Technical decon operations are nor- mally conducted in support of emergency responder recon and entry operations at a haz- ardous materials incident, as well for handling contaminated patients at medical facilities.
Technical Information Centers. Private and public sector hazardous materials emergency “hotlines” that (1) provide immediate chemical hazard information, (2) access secondary forms of expertise for additional action and informa- tion, and (3) act as a clearinghouse for spill noti- fications. Include both public (e.g., CHEMTREC) and subscription-based systems.
Technical Information Specialists. Individuals who provide specific expertise to the Incident Commander or the HMRT either in person, by telephone, or through other electronic means. They may represent the shipper, manufacturer, or be otherwise familiar with the hazmats or problems involved.
Termination. That portion of incident manage- ment where personnel are involved in docu- menting safety procedures, site operations, hazards faced, and lessons learned from the inci- dent. Termination is divided into three phases: debriefing, post-incident analysis, and critique.
Thermistors. A thermally-sensitive resistor that is used to measure a change in temperature with- in a pipeline.
Threshold Limit Value/Time Weighted Average (TLV/TWA). The airborne concentration of a material to which an average, healthy person may be exposed repeatedly for eight hours each day, 40 hours per week, without suffering adverse effects. The young, old, ill, and naturally susceptible will have lower tolerances and will need to take additional precautions. TLVs are based upon current available information and are adjusted on an annual basis by organizations such as the American Conference of Govern- mental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH). As TLVs are time weighted averages over an eight-hour exposure, they are difficult to correlate to emer- gency response operations. The lower the value, the more toxic the substance.
Throughput. The volume of product that goes through a section of equipment during a speci- fied period of time.
Top Loading. Method of loading cargo tank
trucks by which a fill tube from the loading rack is inserted into each compartment and product is then transferred. Primarily used for the transfer of combustible liquids and low vapor pressure products, such as fuel oils and distillates.
Toxic Products of Combustion. The toxic byproducts of
the combustion process.
Depending upon the materials burning, higher levels of personal protective clothing and equip- ment may be required.
Trans Alaska Pipeline System (TAPS). The 800- mile-long Trans Alaska Pipeline System (TAPS) is one of the world's largest pipeline systems.
Transfer. The process of physically moving a liq- uid, gas, or some forms of solids either manually, by pump or by pressure transfer, from a leaking or damaged container. The transfer pump, hoses, fittings, and container must be compatible with the hazardous materials involved. When trans- ferring flammable liquids, proper bonding and grounding concerns must be addressed.
Transmission Pipelines—Gas. Large cross- country pipelines that are used to move natural gas from production and processing facilities to distribution companies and large volume cus- tomers. Some gas may also be shipped to storage facilities for later delivery to the consumer. These lines range from 20- to 42-inches diameter, with pressures from 300 to 1,500 psi. Compressor sta- tions are used to boost the pipeline pressure that is lost as a result of friction loss.
Transmission Pipelines—Liquids. Pipelines are used to move refined liquid products from refineries to marketing and distribution termi- nals, where the products are then loaded onto cargo tank trucks for ultimate delivery to the consumer. Refined petroleum product pipelines vary in size from relatively small 8- to 12-inch diameter pipelines up to 42-inch transmission lines. Pumping stations are used to boost pres- sures and maintain constant flows on transmis- sion lines.
Transmix. The point at which two liquid petrole- um products meet and mix when shipped in a pipeline. May also be referred to as the interface.
Trunk Lines. Large crude oil pipelines, usually 8 to 24 inches in diameter that bring crude oil from gathering centers, oil producing areas and ports throughout North America to refineries.
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