Table 18.2 Summary of Recent (Post-1990) Studies Examining the Prevalence of Disordered Eating in Athletes20-49


(Continued) Study/ Country Sample


Fortes et al (2014)


Portugal22


580 male and female high school ath- letes and 362 age-matched nonathletes


Chatterton and Petrie (2013)


United States23


Goltz et al (2013)


Brazil24


150 male ath- letes in aesthetic and weight-de- pendent sports


Martinsen and Sundgot-Borgen (2013)


Norway25


611 elite adoles- cent male and female athletes and 355 adoles- cent male and female control subjects


EAT-26, BITEg , BSQh


DE behaviors and body image dissatisfaction were found in 43 athletes (28%) in aesthetic sports and 23 (15%) athletes in weight-dependent sports.


A two-stage screening process consisting of a questionnaire developed by the authors, includ- ing subscales of the EDI-2i


,


weight history, and self-re- ported history of EDs (stage 1), followed by a clinical interview using the EDEj


and EDE-Qk (stage 2)


After the initial screening, 51% of the control subjects and 25% of the athletes were classified as “at risk” for an ED. In stage 2, the prevalence of EDs among the total population of athletes and control subjects was esti- mated to be 7% vs 2%, with the ED prevalence higher for female athletes than male athletes (14% vs 3%, P < .001) and female and male control subjects (5% vs 0%, P < 0.001).


Schaal et al (2011)


France20


2,067 male and female elite athletes


Psychological evaluation using DSM-IV l clinical EDs


criteria for


6% of female athletes and 4% of male athletes indicated a cur- rent/ongoing ED; 11% of female athletes and 5.5% of male ath- letes reported a history of EDs.


Thein-Nissen- baum et al (2011)


United States26


Martinsen et al (2010)


Norway27


606 elite male and female high school athletes and 355 male and female con- trol subjects


Greenleaf et al (2009)


United States28


204 female col- legiate athletes


Questionnaire developed by the authors, including dieting, use of pathogen- ic weight control methods, and the drive for thinness and body dissatisfaction subscales from the EDIm


Q-EDD and BULIT-R


45% of female athletes and 13% of male athletes reported symp- toms of DE compared with 71% and 30% of female and male con- trol subjects, respectively.


311 female high school athletes


EDE-Q


35% of female athletes present- ed with symptoms of DE.


732 male colle- giate athletes


Instrument EAT-26b Prevalence


18% of female athletes and 14% of male athletes showed ED symptoms based on EAT-26 scores compared with 26% and 15% of female and male nonath- letes, respectively.


Q-EDDc ; 7 items from the BULIT-Rd 16% reported DEe were classified as ED (EDNOSf


symptoms; 1% ).


2% of athletes were classified as having an ED; 26% had symp- toms consistent with DE.


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SECTION 3: PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE


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