category that best fits the available scientific evidence. Te hierarchical system allows the program to avoid the black-and-white assessment that any particular product works or fails to live up to claims. Rather, the available science is reviewed to place supplements into categories ranked from what is most likely to pro- vide a benefit for little risk to what provides least benefit and a definite risk. Box 7.2 provides a summary of the AIS Sports Supplement Classification model at the time of publication of this review, with some details of the potential evidence-based uses of products within Category A detailed in Box 7.2. Further informa- tion about supplements and sports can be sourced from the framework website (www.ausport.gov.au/ais/ supplements).11 Tis example clearly demonstrates that programs designed to educate athletes on supplement use com-
bined with access to low-risk, evidence-based dietary supplements can positively influence athlete practice. A key takeaway message should be the inclusion of sports nutrition professionals as sources of objective advice and gatekeepers to the access of these products.
Box 7.2 Summary of ABCD Categories of Australian Institute of Sport Sports Supplement Framework 201611 Group A Supplements Overview of category
Subcategories
Evidence level: Supported for use in specific situations in sport using evidencebased protocols
Use within supplement pro- grams: Provided or permitted for use by some athletes according to bestpractice protocols
Medical supplements: Used to treat clinical issues, including diagnosed nutrient deficiencies
Requires individual dispensing and supervision by appropriate sports medicine/science practitioner
Performance supplements: Used to directly contribute to optimal performance
Should be used in individualized pro tocols under the direction of an appropriate sports medicine/science practitioner
While there may be a general evidence base for these products, additional research may often be required to fine tune protocols for individualized and eventspecific use.
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Sports foods: Specialized products used to provide a practical source of nutrients when it is impractical to con sume everyday foods
Examples
Sports drink Sports gel
Sports confectionery Liquid meal Whey protein Sports bar
Electrolyte replacement
Iron supplement Calcium supplement Multivitamin/mineral Vitamin D
Probiotics (gut/immune)
Caffeine Balanine Bicarbonate Beetroot juice Creatine