3
3.2 Listening
Play Part 1 and allow students to compare answers.
Feed back. Ask them to justify their choices by saying what they heard that related to each point. Confirm the correct answers.
Answers • different types of data • different data standards
• The speaker mentions video and audio as types of information, but does not mention them as different types of data.
2. Elicit ideas from individual students. Ask them to justify their suggestions by quoting the lecturer if they can. Feed back verbally.
Answer
… because, without them [data standards], it would not be possible to share data between different devices.
3. Elicit ideas. Remind students that they have already covered this in Unit 1, and refer them to Skills Bank 1.3 if necessary.
1.3 Choosing a note-taking format SKILLS BANK
Possible answer
Explain that if the talk is very structured, a suitable method might be a table, with the types of data in one column and their standards in another column, listed using bullet points. However, if the talk is less structured, a spidergram or tree diagram could be more useful.
15 Part 1
If we’re all here, we’ll make a start. What we’re going to look at today is information, different types of data and different data standards. OK, so what is information? … Well, I think everyone
here today has used their phone recently to read a text message, to listen to a voice message, to look at some photos or to watch a video. Yes … well in all of these you are accessing some type of information that you can understand … and the examples I gave you include the four key types of information that we want to look at today. These are: text-based information, audio information, graphical information and audiovisual information.
Next, I want to talk about data standards. When
you send a message to a friend, there are many, many different hardware and software systems which make it possible for them to read the message on their screen. The letters that you input are turned into digital
code which the phone can process. In other words, the information you input is turned into data. The same thing happens if you record a voice message, take a photo or record a video. The information is converted to data. Each of these types of information is stored as different types of data, and each of these types can have many different standards. Data standards are extremely important because, without them, it would not be possible to share data between different devices. So, what we are going to focus on in this session
is the different standards which are used for different types of data. The aim of today’s lecture is for you to start developing an understanding of some of the links between information, data and different data standards that are used in computing.
C
Before playing Part 2, tell students to read questions 1–3, and check they have understood them.
Set the task for pairwork, and tell them to write only brief notes. The main task is to understand the general meaning.
16 Play Part 2.
Encourage students to discuss the questions again after listening. Then elicit the answers.
Answers 1. data standards for representing text on a computer
2. using voice or a keyboard to input the message so it can be converted to text
3. Ask students what they expect to hear in the next part. Elicit ideas, but do not confirm or correct.
16 Part 2
The easiest place to begin to understand data standards is with text. When you enter text into your device, you use characters from your language that you recognize. You can input this text in different ways: through the keyboard, or by speaking into the microphone and having your words converted into text. Either way, the end result is text that you can read on some type of output device, such as the screen on your phone. However, the computer cannot process the words that you type directly. First, they need to be converted into bits and bytes. This is done using a character set, in which each character from a language is represented as binary code, because all code is eventually represented in numbers.
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