11 61
Extract 1 Majed
The lecturer we listened to last week introduced a number of interesting issues. I’d like to build on what he said about making sure that your values are similar to those of a company you want to work for by looking at some examples where this caused problems for people. The first example is from Google, which is a company which once had the motto ‘don’t do evil’. So, you would expect this to be a company that would have very few, or no issues with its ethical values. However, in 2018, many thousands of employees wrote to the management, telling them that they were unhappy that the company had signed up for a military contract which could include AI. Because of the letters, the company dropped the contract. They also created some new guidelines for the company which said that the company would work with the military in future, but they wouldn’t work on AI with them. Since AI is being developed for so many different purposes, it is difficult to see how they can keep to this promise. The point I want to make here is that, even when the values of a company seem to be very clear, there can still be conflict between the values of the individuals and the values of the company. Does anybody have any opinions or anything they would like to add?
Extract 2 Evie
Thanks, Majed. I don’t have anything more to add about Google at this point – does anybody else? No. OK, following on from what Majed has said, I’d like to look at the issues around using AI in military settings. I’ve looked at the websites of a lot of AI companies and many of them are involved in developing AI for use in weapons. One example of this is in developing AI-enabled drones, autonomous aerial vehicles. Some of these are used for surveillance, but others are used as weapons. According to a UN report, autonomous AI-enabled drones have already been used to select their own targets and fire at them without any control by a human. In my opinion, any ethical company should not be developing these types of device. I’m going to expand the topic by looking at legislation and planned legislation in different countries to see what they plan to do about autonomous AI-enabled weapons systems.
Extract 3 Jack
I think that’s a very important point you’re making, Evie. Legal regulation of AI is an urgent issue. To expand on that, I want to look at legislation on the use of
11.4 Extending skills
AI-enhanced facial recognition systems in different countries. Because these systems have huge potential to allow individuals to be tracked and monitored, there needs to be clear limits on their use. By comparing the legislation in different countries, I can see how seriously governments are taking this issue. I’m going to expand on the topic by looking at examples of countries where these types of systems are already being used. This should highlight countries where the need for these types of laws is greatest.
Extract 4 Leila
Thank you, Jack. That sounds like a very interesting topic. But I’d like to add something. Civil law can also provide a way to address some of the issues that AI causes. For example, in the case of autonomous vehicles, drivers and their passengers would have a legal case against the manufacturer if the vehicle causes them harm. Where organizations or governments are using AI surveillance, then individuals can take them to court for breaching their privacy rights.
E Set for individual work or pairwork discussion.
Point out to students that these phrases were used in the extracts in Exercise D.
See if students can complete the phrases before they listen. 62
Play the extracts so that students can check and confirm their answers.
You could also ask students to check the transcripts on pages 160–161 of the Course Book.
SKILLS BANK 11.3 Linking to a previous point
Elicit ideas on what the phrases are used for, and feed back visually with the class to create the table below. You could also direct students to Skills Bank 11.3, which contains a list of three phrases that add a new point to a previous contribution.
Answers Phrase
1. I’d like to build on what he said about …
2. … following on from what Majed has said, …
232 Used for
adding a new point to a previous contribution
adding a new point to a previous contribution
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