7 Phrase 1. In computing terms, …
7.2 Listening
Type of information
h. a general idea put into a computing context
2. Now, an important concept (is) … c. a key statement or idea 3. So, what do I mean by …? 4. The point is …
5. However, looking at it another way, …
6. Say … 7. In this case, … 8. As you can see, … F
Explain to students that this activity will help them to identify when a lecturer is drawing attention to something that they consider important.
Explain that a common way to structure information in sentences is to begin with ‘given’ information – what is already known – and to then move on to ‘new’ information.
However, when a speaker wants to draw attention to something, they can begin the sentence by using a Wh~ cleft sentence structure, which changes the usual order of information.
SKILLS BANK 7.1 Identifying ‘given’ and ‘new’ information in a lecture
You could direct students to Skills Bank 7.1 at this point, which gives an example of the standard ‘given’–‘new’ pattern which many sentences follow.
Set for pairwork. Tell students that they will hear each numbered sentence followed by either sentence a or sentence b. Tell them to read the sentences and check that they understand the meaning.
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Play Part 4 all the way through. Students should choose sentence a or b and record their answers. Afterwards, give them time to discuss which sentences they heard.
g. an explanation of a word or phrase
d. a concluding comment giving a result of something
a. a different way to think about the topic
b. an imaginary example
e. focusing on a specific aspect of a situation
f. a comment about a diagram or picture
Actual information
Explanation that the user interface is the term for how users interact with the software.
Prototyping is an important concept to help meet stakeholder requirements.
Explanation of the word prototyping.
Explaining the purpose of prototyping … why prototyping is useful (for stakeholders).
After describing the usefulness of prototyping for stakeholders … looking at the usefulness for the developers … deciding if they need to make major or minor changes to the design.
Say the software is very slow, but the stakeholders like the way it looks.
Designers can concentrate on improving speed, rather than changing the user interface.
The way in which various decisions can have a major impact on the speed of development.
Feed back with the whole class. Contrast sentence 2 (which is followed by a standard ‘given’–‘new’ information pattern) with sentences 1 and 3 (which are followed by sentences which use a Wh~ cleft pattern to draw attention to a specific point).
Make clear that, in every case, either sentence (a or b) could be used correctly by the speaker; it is a question of whether or not they want to emphasize an important point.
If students are still unclear, explain that further examples and more practice will be given in Lesson 7.3.
Answers 1. a 2. b 3. b
40 Part 4
Another stage is the development or coding stage. At this stage, code usually gets written. As I pointed out earlier, this stage may be a specific time period, or it may happen in a series of iterations over a longer period of time as part of a more iterative approach. The amount of code and the level of complexity will
depend a lot on the size of the project. For example, if the project is small, then only one developer may be needed. If the project is a very large one, then many developers may be needed. Where teams are large, developers can have many different skill sets, so they can focus on different aspects of the development work. I mentioned version control software earlier. Git is one example of version control software. It was in 2005
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