8 F
Remind students that paraphrasing is an important part of academic writing. Explain that this activity will help them with their paraphrasing.
Elicit the three main techniques for paraphrasing that they have studied already: changing the vocabulary, changing the word order and changing the grammar.
1. Elicit answers from the class and feed back visually.
Answers Human–Computer Interaction = … how computers can be designed to interact more efficiently with people.
User Experience (UX) design = … the way in which users interact with specific computing devices.
2. Set for pairwork. You could help students by telling them that they can find synonyms for a couple of the words in Exercise E.
Word from text studies
interact (with) focused (on) grew
shifted reactions duplicating
is concerned with improving identify perform
are relevant to developed
Possible synonyms examines
work (with)
concentrated (on) increased changed responses copying studies
increasing recognize execute
are useful for created
3. Tell students that they should now try to fully paraphrase the text on the handout, using different sentence structures as well as the synonyms they have just found in question 2. They should also use the synonyms they found in Exercises D and E. Encourage them to look for ways they can change nouns into verbs (or vice versa) and to make passive sentences wherever they can.
6.1 Paraphrasing VOCABULARY BANK
Point students towards the sentence in handwriting on the orange background, which has been done as an example. You could also refer them back to Vocabulary Bank 6.1 at this point to remind them of various useful techniques for paraphrasing.
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8.1 Vocabulary
Set for individual work and pairwork checking, or set as pairwork. Feed back visually as a class using the example below and highlighting the changes between the two versions. Alternatively, you may wish to have students or pairs of students show their work to the class and explain how they have changed the sentences.
Model answer
Human–Computer Interaction Human–Computer Interaction examines how computers can be designed so people can work more efficiently with them. At first, HCI concentrated on usability, how easily users could perform different tasks on computers. Later, as the range of interactions between people and computers increased, HCI research changed to include people’s emotional responses toward computers. One example of this is in studies of robotics used in social care, where robots have social and emotional functions. Because of the wide range of these types of interactions, such as copying human expressions, HCI has a very wide scope.
User Experience (UX) design
Helping users interact more efficiently with their devices is a major role of UX. UX studies how users interact with specific computing devices. It has a very practical focus on functionality and usability, in contrast to HCI. A key aspect of UX is increasing the ease with which users can recognize and execute functions. Many areas of psychology are useful for HCI, but UX focuses on fewer areas. One area it focuses on is Gestalt. Gestalt explains how individuals make sense of what they see, for example in illusions. UX has also created specific methods such as the development of user personas, screen recording, user interviews and A/B testing.
Closure
Ask students to work in pairs or small groups to discuss their experience of using devices (e.g., smartphones) in the context of UX design. How easy is it to use a specific device? Have the designers made changes to the design? Have the changes made a positive or negative difference? What suggestions can they put forward to improve the UX for the device.
Feed back as a class.
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