11.2 Listening
A
1. Refer students to the Hadford University lecture announcement, and tell them to look at the title and the summary of the talk. Elicit some ideas on what the lecture will be about.
2. Elicit ideas on the most appropriate method of making notes. Give students an opportunity to prepare their page in their notebook and to compare it with a partner.
Suggested answers
The lecture follows the format for theories and opinions, then supporting information. The most appropriate format is a two-column table or the Cornell system (which is used here).
B
Set for individual work and pairwork checking. Explain to students that they will need to make notes as they listen and that they should work together, using their notes, to answer questions 1–4. Give students time to read the questions.
54
Play Part 1 once. Give students time to share their notes and attempt to answer the questions. Elicit and feed back the answers visually to the class.
Ask students which method they are going to use to make notes, now that they have listened to the introduction. They should make any adjustments necessary to the page they have prepared in their notebooks.
Answers
1. His main areas of study are computer ethics and professional responsibility.
2. The main topics are legal and ethical issues relating to computing.
3. The example relates to a breach of security when managing personal data. There is specific reference to data loss by Yahoo, LinkedIn and Marriott Hotels.
4. privacy and data protection 54
Part 1
Good morning. My name is Dr Ammar Farbi. My first degrees were in law and philosophy and much of my work over the last 20 years relates to computer ethics and professional responsibility. I am here today to give you an overview of the legal issues you need to be aware of when making decisions as a professional, as well as the ethical issues you need to be aware of. That is to say, I am going
to look at ways in which you can justify your professional decisions when you are in the workplace. Don’t misunderstand me, I don’t want you to
assume that laws and ethics are relevant only when making decisions in the workplace. As we all know, to some degree, these will form part of decisions you make in every part of your life. However, it’s fair to say that computing professionals need to be especially careful because their work can have an impact on so many people’s lives. We can think of many such cases. For example, computer specialists are responsible for managing the security of personal data for millions of people. A breach of that security might have severe consequences, both for the people whose data is accessed and for the company’s reputation. This has happened many times in recent years: Yahoo, LinkedIn and Marriott Hotels are all examples of companies where the personal data of individuals has been stolen. Another example of security failure might be where individuals get unauthorized access to a healthcare system which is responsible for the well-being of patients, such as in a hospital. In this case, the health of patients may be put at risk, in extreme cases, resulting in severe harm or even deaths. Mistakes or wrong decisions by computing
professionals can have a major negative impact on people’s lives. Not only that, but these decisions can also have a major negative effect on the reputation and career of the professionals. So, when you make decisions as professionals, it is important that you can show you considered the legal and ethical implications of your decision. There are a very wide range of legal and ethical issues which are relevant to computing professionals, so in an attempt to help you to decide which of these issues are relevant to you, I will focus on two main areas: general areas of law that you need to be aware of and some of the ethical principles that you can use to justify decisions you make.
C
Tell students you will play Part 2 of the lecture without stopping. Explain that they should make notes in the format they have chosen.
55 Play Part 2 once without stopping.
Answers 1. legal standards that are important for computer professionals
2. Key legal areas that computer professionals need to be aware of and the reasons for legislation in these areas. The lecturer will also touch on how these legal standards are implemented in the workplace.
3. In 2021, Amazon were fined around three quarters of a billion euros for breaching GDPR regulations by misusing personal data.
Software engineers at Volkswagen created software to help cars pass emissions tests.
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