11
11.1 Vocabulary
Explain that constructing a complex argument will usually involve a statement plus several supports. With the whole class, elicit suggestions for how to use the linking phrases when constructing an argument.
Feed back visually using the following table. 11.1_B4
Answers firstly
for example, one example
secondly
furthermore, in addition, moreover
C
Set questions 1, 2 and 3 for pairwork. Explain to students that they will need to use their dictionaries to check the part of speech and the stress pattern.
11.1_C
Elicit and visually feed back the answers, building the table below. You could use the table provided in the PDF for students to fill in.
11.1_C
The pronunciation of each word is modelled on the recording.
Answers Word
beneficial /ˌbenɪˈfɪʃl/
censorship /ˈsensəʃɪp/
conflict /ˈkɒnflɪkt/
/kənˈflɪkt/
ethical /ˈeθɪkl/
faulty /ˈfɔːlti/
harmful /ˈhɑːmfl/
impact /ˈɪmpækt/
/ɪmˈpækt/ 214 adj adj adj n [C/U], v [T/I] moral defective damaging influence
Part of speech Other words/phrases adj
helpful n [U] n [C/U], v [I] ban disagreement, disagree
implications /ˌɪmplɪˈkeɪʃnz/
justify /ˈdʒʌstɪfaɪ/
negligence /ˈneɡlɪdʒəns/
obligation /ˌɒblɪˈɡeɪʃn/
reputation /ˌrepjuˈteɪʃn/
making the first major support point for your argument
supporting the first point with a specific example
making the second major support point
adding more information to the second point
responsible /rɪˈspɒnsəbl/
surveillance /sɜːˈveɪləns/
D
1. Set for individual work and pairwork checking. Tell students to read the title Computer ethics and elicit some of the words they are likely to see (e.g., negligence, reputation, conflict). Ask them to think of some questions they think the text can answer.
Set students to read the text. Give them time to check what they have read with a partner. Elicit and visually feed back the answers using the completed text below.
Answers
Computers play an increasingly important role in our society. One result of this is that decisions made by system designers have an impact on a growing number of people. Moreover, computer professionals need to balance their clients’ demands with their obligations to society. In addition to ethical reasons for this, there are also practical reasons why this is necessary.
Firstly, negligence in the design or construction of IT systems can have profound economic or human consequences. For example, Hunt and Ferarrio [1] refer to a computer company (Fujitsu), where a faulty computer system design was responsible for widespread errors in the financial accounts of the UK’s Post Office System. Many innocent people were accused of theft and wrongly imprisoned because the company did not acknowledge these errors. This resulted in damage to the lives of many people and their families. Furthermore, the reputation of the computer professionals who designed the system was at risk and some even faced criminal investigations. For this reason, computer professionals need to ensure that their decisions are based on sound principles so they can be justified.
Secondly, the ethical values of a computer professional and their employer may be different.
n [C/U] v [T/I] n [U] n [C/U]
n [C/U] usually singular
adj n [U]
effect defend carelessness responsibility, duty status accountable monitoring
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