search.noResults

search.searching

dataCollection.invalidEmail
note.createNoteMessage

search.noResults

search.searching

orderForm.title

orderForm.productCode
orderForm.description
orderForm.quantity
orderForm.itemPrice
orderForm.price
orderForm.totalPrice
orderForm.deliveryDetails.billingAddress
orderForm.deliveryDetails.deliveryAddress
orderForm.noItems
PLANNING


of a project is very important technical information, expressed as a percentage parameter, or a multiplier factor, being widely used by planners and consultants in the preliminary budget programming phase, as a way to predict, as accurately as possible, the total footage of a work prior to the design of the project itself. This parameter is usually set based on a historical average, or approximations that vary based on the type and special characteristics of each project and experience of its authors. The concept of usable space and its


relationship with residual areas (areas that allow a building to function properly, such as stairs, elevators, technical shafts, etc.) is fundamental in the search for space efficiency. The space efficiency of any building is related, among others, to three basic factors: l The amount of space, usually calculated in terms of floor area, although volume may also occasionally be relevant.


l The number of potential and actual users.


l The amount of time that a particular space is used.


A project is considered to have spatial characteristics that favour efficiency when it provides: l The minimum space required for the desired functions to be properly accommodated, with a minimum loss between net and gross internal area.


l The minimum space required per employee.


l A high level of space utilisation (when the environment is used for as long as possible).


The study, Departmental Area Analysis in Contemporary Hospitals: Calculation Methodologies and Design Factors in Major Patient Care Departments, conducted by a research team led by professors David Allison and Kirk Hamilton, respectively from Clemson and Texas A&M Universities, and published more than a decade ago, is one of only a few studies that have dealt in a structured manner and with well-defined methodology of the relationships of useful footage in hospital projects relative to the total area of the building. The methodology adopted in the above-mentioned study consisted of the following phases: l Data collection. l Development of protocols for sector delimitation.


l Tabulation and interpretation of data.


l Development of conclusions. 102 Figure 2. Detail of the second floor of the HUC Project.


Figure 1. HUB University of Brasilia Hospital detail. Definitions


Useful (or net) area: Corresponds to the sum of the internal area (or private space) of a building. It considers the internal space of a closed room or area used for a function in an open area (e.g. cubicles or workstations), excluding the area occupied by walls, shafts, pillars and circulations. Total (or gross) area: Corresponds to the total area occupied by the building, inserted in its complete perimeter, encompassing not only all internal settings but also the thickness of walls, prisms or ducts for passage of facilities, corridors, elevator shafts and stairs, structural elements and other elements not typically included in a needs programme. One of the most commonly used


parameters for estimating the total footage of a project is the ratio of floor area to its total area, since initially the area occupied by vertical and horizontal


circulations, wall thicknesses, pillars and other spaces, such as the ones occupied by ducts and shafts for installations, cannot be accurately estimated before the final project design. The importance of correctly calculating this addition is vital, as noted by Kirk Hamilton (2018): “Proper project planning and budgeting requires the ability to accurately predict the total amount of area to be built. In the early stages of hospital projects, architects and planners carefully identify each of the planned spaces, listing the number of rooms to be built, each of a planned size, which is identified as square footage of floor space. These “net space” calculations need to be increased to account for wall thickness and corridors within each department, resulting in a “gross square footage”. Finally, the arrangement of departments, mechanical spaces, non-departmental corridors, elevators, stairways, and the thickness of the outer wall will be predicted by a gross building factor that yields the estimated gross footage of the entire building to be designed and built. These anticipated amounts of built space are crucial for accurate cost estimation and project budgeting.”


Our study was based on the protocols established in the above mentioned study by Allison and Hamilton (2008) but did not consider, in this initial phase, the proportion between functional sectors, so we merely verified the proportion between useful and total areas of the selected projects (see Fig 3).


IFHE DIGEST 2020


Page 1  |  Page 2  |  Page 3  |  Page 4  |  Page 5  |  Page 6  |  Page 7  |  Page 8  |  Page 9  |  Page 10  |  Page 11  |  Page 12  |  Page 13  |  Page 14  |  Page 15  |  Page 16  |  Page 17  |  Page 18  |  Page 19  |  Page 20  |  Page 21  |  Page 22  |  Page 23  |  Page 24  |  Page 25  |  Page 26  |  Page 27  |  Page 28  |  Page 29  |  Page 30  |  Page 31  |  Page 32  |  Page 33  |  Page 34  |  Page 35  |  Page 36  |  Page 37  |  Page 38  |  Page 39  |  Page 40  |  Page 41  |  Page 42  |  Page 43  |  Page 44  |  Page 45  |  Page 46  |  Page 47  |  Page 48  |  Page 49  |  Page 50  |  Page 51  |  Page 52  |  Page 53  |  Page 54  |  Page 55  |  Page 56  |  Page 57  |  Page 58  |  Page 59  |  Page 60  |  Page 61  |  Page 62  |  Page 63  |  Page 64  |  Page 65  |  Page 66  |  Page 67  |  Page 68  |  Page 69  |  Page 70  |  Page 71  |  Page 72  |  Page 73  |  Page 74  |  Page 75  |  Page 76  |  Page 77  |  Page 78  |  Page 79  |  Page 80  |  Page 81  |  Page 82  |  Page 83  |  Page 84  |  Page 85  |  Page 86  |  Page 87  |  Page 88  |  Page 89  |  Page 90  |  Page 91  |  Page 92  |  Page 93  |  Page 94  |  Page 95  |  Page 96  |  Page 97  |  Page 98  |  Page 99  |  Page 100  |  Page 101  |  Page 102  |  Page 103  |  Page 104  |  Page 105  |  Page 106