SOCIAL PROTECTION IN THE CONTEXT OF HIV AND AIDS 15 Figure 2.1—An asset-based social protection framework


Lower capacitiesHigher capacities Faster to scaleSlower to scale Lower inputs


Higher inputs


Secure basic consumption needs


Protective Preventative Reduce


fluctuations in consumption and avert asset


reduction Promotional


Enable people to save, invest in, and accumulate assets through reduction in risk and income variation


Transformational


Build, diversify, and enhance use of assets


• Reduce access constraints • Directly provide or loan assets


• Build linkages with institutions


• Public works


• Unconditional cash transfers


• Direct feeding • Subsidies


• Home-based care for the ill


• Insurance (health, asset)


• Conditional cash transfers


• Livelihoods programs • Credit


• Maternal and child health and nutrition • Child and adult education/skills • Early childhood development


Source: Authors.


sures that even more directly avert deprivation (often associated with safety nets). We also add the transformational category developed by Devereux and Sabates-Wheeler (2004), who are concerned with adding a transformative dimen- sion that confronts the power imbalances that create and sustain vulnerabili- ties.3 The framework further draws on a continuum of “goals and means” around which people organize their livelihood strategies (Kabeer 2002, 593). Finally, we integrate an assets framework that uses the sustainable livelihoods framework’s categories of financial, physical, natural, social, political, and human capital assets (Ashley and Carney 1999). Social protection can pursue the five types of objectives in Figure 2.1 for each of these types of assets. In Figure 2.1, the different uses of social protection are seen as one moves from left to right: (1) securing basic consumption needs; (2) reducing fluc-


3Devereux and Sabates-Wheeler (2004, 9) come up with the following useful “working definition” of social protection: “Social protection is the set of all initiatives, both formal and informal, that provide: social assistance to extremely poor individuals and households; social services to groups who need special care or would otherwise be denied access to basic services; social in- surance to protect people against the risks and consequences of livelihood shocks; and social equity to protect people against social risks such as discrimination or abuse.”


Transform institutions and


relationships • Economic • Political • Social


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