COMPLEMENTARY APPROACHES 163
Programme (WFP) has provided food as an incentive to HBC workers since 2002. By providing one-third of the ration that chronically ill beneficiaries receive, the program brought about improved quality of HBC care, enabling HBC workers to meet their own food needs and fulfill their HBC responsibili- ties (Kayira, Greenaway, and Greenblott 2004, 17). Public works programs can also target youth, who may be losing knowl-
edge passed down through generations as parents die of AIDS. The Junior Farmer Field and Life Schools, run by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and WFP in Mozambique, provided food for train- ing to out-of-school youth, especially teen orphans, who learned technical and entrepreneurial skills. OVC ages twelve through seventeen were trained for one year in both traditional and modern agricultural techniques. To complement the technical training, participatory educational drama helped the youth groups explore sensitive issues around HIV/AIDS, psychosocial prob- lems, gender roles, and health and nutrition (Kayira, Greenaway, and Green- blott 2004, 16). Experience from a number of public works programs illustrates that such programs are conducive to linkages with IEC components. For example, some food for training programs have paid community activists to learn about HIV/ AIDS prevention and care and then teach these concepts to the broader com- munity. Other programs have targeted truck drivers transporting food and workers at food or wage distribution points with HIV prevention messages (McCord 2005). Using public works beneficiaries to provide key services for HIV/AIDS-
affected households (for example, HBC and ECD) raises the concern that, if poorly trained, these workers could harm rather than help households affected by HIV/AIDS and OVC. Proper coordination, training, and supervision are needed to provide quality services (McCord 2005; Altman 2007). This raises a trade-off, however, between scale and quality of training—in that the number of people who can be reached will be a small fraction of those in need—similar to that faced by South Africa’s National Public Works Programme, which aimed to provide formal qualifications as well as significantly reduce unemployment, a difficult combination (Adato et al. 1999). South Africa’s Expanded Public Works Programme (EPWP) is emphasizing
new forms of training. Its current program includes a social sector involving home- and community-based care (HCBC) ECD programs. These are a response to both unemployment, providing a form of social protection, and to the AIDS epidemic, because the programs are designed to benefit those providing ser- vices (mainly women, who normally do this work without training or pay- ment), as well as those adults and children receiving care. The HCBC compo- nent has emphasized stipends for volunteers and provision of accredited
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