112 CHAPTER 7


Figure 7.1—Conditional cash transfer impacts on health service usage, by program beneficiaries


Percentage point change 25


Honduras Mexico


20 15 10 5 0


Nicaragua Colombia


Health visits Notes:


Growth monitoring


Sources: Gertler (2000); Gertler and Boyce (2001); IFPRI (2003b); Attanasio et al. (2005); Maluccio and Flores (2005).


The mean of the range of estimates is plotted for Honduras. For Mexico, the figure represents the impact on growth monitoring visits 15 months after baseline. No infor- mation on health visits separate from growth monitoring is available for Colombia.


same: the demand-only intervention brought about an increase of 16 percent- age points in growth control visits; the demand plus supply intervention, an increase of 13 percentage points; and the supply-only intervention, an increase of 8.3 percentage points. The percentage of pregnant women having attended five or more antenatal care sessions increased by 19.5 percentage points under the demand-only intervention, 18 percentage points under the demand plus supply intervention, and 14 percentage points under the supply-only interven- tion (albeit these results were slightly less statistically significant) (IFPRI 2003b, 36–45).


The fact that the supply-only interventions showed small and statistically insignificant impacts on service usage and that the combination of demand and supply added little significant additional impact above and beyond the impact of the demand-only intervention was attributed to the low degree of supply- side implementation (IFPRI 2003b, 70). This is unfortunate, because results from better implementation would have shed light on an important debate about conditionality, that is, whether improving supply is sufficient to bring about human capital improvements without the need for conditionality. It did,


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