212 INDEX
Health impacts (continued) health services access and use, 104–5, 110–14, 111t, 112f, 119, 120; health spending and, 108–10, 168; in HIV/AIDS context, 116–19, 120–21; of nutrition interventions, 115; outcomes and status, 106–8, 106t, 114–16, 119, 120, 168; pathways of, 119–20; of pensions, 106, 107; of poverty, 12, 33–34; on preventive health care, 104, 110–12, 111t; supply-side constraints on, 119; of unconditional cash transfer programs, 59–60, 104–10, 106t, 119–21, 168
Health services: access to and use of, 104–5, 110–14, 111t, 112f, 119, 120; availability of, 68–69, 71; for children, 105, 110, 113–14; complementary, 116–19; fee exemptions, 105; for HIV/AIDS-affected, 119, 120; HIV testing and counseling, 116–17, 118, 162; home-based care, 19, 39, 118–19, 162–64; preventive, 110–12, 111t, 113–14, 115; spending on, 90, 104, 108–10, 168; STD testing, 58, 116–17; supply improvements, 110, 112–13, 119, 173–74. See also Antiretroviral therapy
Heights, 132, 139f. See also Stunting HIV/AIDS: deaths from, xiii, 3, 9, 11, 38; education differences and, 82–83; exposure to, 12–13, 33–34; gender differences in infection rates of, 82; heterosexual trans- mission of, 10, 33, 116–17; information and education on, 101, 121, 163; maternal transmission of, 13, 146–47; poverty and, 32–34; prevalence in Sub-Saharan Africa, xiii, 3, 9–10, 10t; prevention efforts, 58, 100, 104–5, 117, 155–56, 159, 163; risk- increasing behavior, 12, 33–34, 83; testing and counseling for, 116–17, 118, 162; transmission pathways of, 33–34 HIV/AIDS-affected individuals: cash transfer programs for, 40–41, 168–69, 173–74; effects of disease on, 13; food consumption by, 122; food transfers for, 39–40, 39–40n, 55, 118, 148, 164, 170, 174–75; health services for, 119, 120; home-based care for, 19, 118–19, 162–64; number in Sub-Saharan Africa, xiii; nutritional needs of, 13, 55, 122, 126, 132, 146–47, 148–49; nutrition counseling for, 147–48, 149; nutrition interventions for, xvi, 20–21, 39–40, 146–49, 174–75; social protection for, 1, 2, 3, 14, 17–21, 166, 174, 176. See also Antiretroviral therapy; Children, HIV/AIDS-affected; Families, HIV/AIDS-affected Hoddinott, J., 22–23, 28, 50, 55, 60, 138–40
Home- and community-based care (HCBC), 163–64
Home-based care (HBC), 19, 39, 118–19, 162–64
Honduras: Atención Integral a la Niñez Comunitaria, 115, 141n; health impacts of cash transfers in, 110–13; nutrition impacts of cash transfers in, 140–41. See also Programa de Asignación Familiar Hosegood, V., 50, 83–85
Household heads: children, 30n, 172; education levels of, 85–86, 138; elderly, 80, 92; kinship relations to orphans, 35, 37; women, 11 Households: assets of, 33; dependency ratios of, 11; of grandparents, 35, 47–48, 103, 106–7, 169; HIV/AIDS impacts on, 11–12; incomes of, 11–12, 13, 90, 107; labor supply of, 11, 32–33; nonunitary, 124; power relations in, 66; proxy means tests for, 27, 28, 29–30, 47, 55, 170, 171; public works program contracts for, 19, 161–62. See also Families
Human capital: cash transfer impacts on, xiii, 17, 18, 21; importance of, 21; incomes and, 24; threats to, 172. See also Education; Health; Nutrition
Human immunodeficiency virus. See HIV/AIDS Hunger, cash transfer program impacts on, xiv, 126–29, 168. See also Food security; Nutrition
IATT. See Inter-Agency Task Team on Children and HIV and AIDS
IFPRI. See International Food Policy Research Institute
Illness. See Health; HIV/AIDS IMAGE. See Intervention with Microfinance for AIDS and Gender Equity program Immunization rates, 113–14 Incomes: AIDS-related impacts on, 33; of families, 13; of HIV-affected households, 12, 13, 33, 90; household pooling of, 107; human capital impacts on, 24; poverty line and, 72–73. See also Poverty
India: conditional cash transfer program in, 58; Integrated Child Development Services Nutrition and Health Days, 151 Insurance, 159–60 Inter-Agency Task Team (IATT) on Children and HIV and AIDS, 31, 31n International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), 96, 141 International Labour Organization, 177 Interventions: livelihoods support programs, xvi, 16, 18, 19, 174, 175; mental health,
Page 1 |
Page 2 |
Page 3 |
Page 4 |
Page 5 |
Page 6 |
Page 7 |
Page 8 |
Page 9 |
Page 10 |
Page 11 |
Page 12 |
Page 13 |
Page 14 |
Page 15 |
Page 16 |
Page 17 |
Page 18 |
Page 19 |
Page 20 |
Page 21 |
Page 22 |
Page 23 |
Page 24 |
Page 25 |
Page 26 |
Page 27 |
Page 28 |
Page 29 |
Page 30 |
Page 31 |
Page 32 |
Page 33 |
Page 34 |
Page 35 |
Page 36 |
Page 37 |
Page 38 |
Page 39 |
Page 40 |
Page 41 |
Page 42 |
Page 43 |
Page 44 |
Page 45 |
Page 46 |
Page 47 |
Page 48 |
Page 49 |
Page 50 |
Page 51 |
Page 52 |
Page 53 |
Page 54 |
Page 55 |
Page 56 |
Page 57 |
Page 58 |
Page 59 |
Page 60 |
Page 61 |
Page 62 |
Page 63 |
Page 64 |
Page 65 |
Page 66 |
Page 67 |
Page 68 |
Page 69 |
Page 70 |
Page 71 |
Page 72 |
Page 73 |
Page 74 |
Page 75 |
Page 76 |
Page 77 |
Page 78 |
Page 79 |
Page 80 |
Page 81 |
Page 82 |
Page 83 |
Page 84 |
Page 85 |
Page 86 |
Page 87 |
Page 88 |
Page 89 |
Page 90 |
Page 91 |
Page 92 |
Page 93 |
Page 94 |
Page 95 |
Page 96 |
Page 97 |
Page 98 |
Page 99 |
Page 100 |
Page 101 |
Page 102 |
Page 103 |
Page 104 |
Page 105 |
Page 106 |
Page 107 |
Page 108 |
Page 109 |
Page 110 |
Page 111 |
Page 112 |
Page 113 |
Page 114 |
Page 115 |
Page 116 |
Page 117 |
Page 118 |
Page 119 |
Page 120 |
Page 121 |
Page 122 |
Page 123 |
Page 124 |
Page 125 |
Page 126 |
Page 127 |
Page 128 |
Page 129 |
Page 130 |
Page 131 |
Page 132 |
Page 133 |
Page 134 |
Page 135 |
Page 136 |
Page 137 |
Page 138 |
Page 139 |
Page 140 |
Page 141 |
Page 142 |
Page 143 |
Page 144 |
Page 145 |
Page 146 |
Page 147 |
Page 148 |
Page 149 |
Page 150 |
Page 151 |
Page 152 |
Page 153 |
Page 154 |
Page 155 |
Page 156 |
Page 157 |
Page 158 |
Page 159 |
Page 160 |
Page 161 |
Page 162 |
Page 163 |
Page 164 |
Page 165 |
Page 166 |
Page 167 |
Page 168 |
Page 169 |
Page 170 |
Page 171 |
Page 172 |
Page 173 |
Page 174 |
Page 175 |
Page 176 |
Page 177 |
Page 178 |
Page 179 |
Page 180 |
Page 181 |
Page 182 |
Page 183 |
Page 184 |
Page 185 |
Page 186 |
Page 187 |
Page 188 |
Page 189 |
Page 190 |
Page 191 |
Page 192 |
Page 193 |
Page 194 |
Page 195 |
Page 196 |
Page 197 |
Page 198 |
Page 199 |
Page 200 |
Page 201 |
Page 202 |
Page 203 |
Page 204 |
Page 205 |
Page 206 |
Page 207 |
Page 208 |
Page 209 |
Page 210 |
Page 211 |
Page 212 |
Page 213 |
Page 214 |
Page 215 |
Page 216 |
Page 217 |
Page 218 |
Page 219 |
Page 220 |
Page 221 |
Page 222 |
Page 223 |
Page 224 |
Page 225 |
Page 226 |
Page 227 |
Page 228 |
Page 229 |
Page 230 |
Page 231 |
Page 232 |
Page 233 |
Page 234 |
Page 235 |
Page 236 |
Page 237