Social protection and cash transfers: To strengthen families affected by HIV and AIDS

INDEX 215

Oxfam, 45 Özler, B., 62–63

Pakistan: cognitive skills and earnings in, 24; education impacts of cash transfers in, 93, 99

Paraguay, cash transfer program in, 154 PATH. See Programme for Advancement through Health and Education

Paxson, C., 36–37 Pensions: benefits for other adults in house- hold, 107; compared to child support grants, 55; education spending and, 91, 92, 103, 167; food expenditures from, 107, 123–24, 126; gender differences in spending of, 123–24, 126; health spending and, 107, 109; impact on children in households, xiv, 55, 85, 91, 92, 103, 107, 167; poverty impacts of, 73–74, 76–77, 81; targeting of, 47–48, 51–53, 52f, 169; universal, 47

People living with AIDS (PLWA). See HIV/AIDS- affected individuals

Philippines: child nutrition in, 23; education in, 22, 23

Poverty: assets and, 33; extreme, 25, 28, 72; health impacts of, 12, 33–34; HIV linkages to, 11–12, 32–34, 54; measures of, 28, 72; of orphans, 34, 169–70; severity of, 72; social attitudes toward, 66–67; social safety nets, 14; structural, 33; ultra, 175–76

Poverty gap, 72, 168 Poverty headcount, 72 Poverty lines, 72–73, 75, 75n, 76, 76n, 79n Poverty reduction: cash transfer impacts on, 72, 73–81, 73t, 78t, 168; measurement of, 72; simulated impacts on, 74–80; social protection impacts on, 1

Poverty targeting: AIDS-affected households reached by, xiv, 33, 39, 40–41, 169; application-based means testing, 27, 47–54, 55, 170–71; consensus on, 39, 170; economic justifications of, 25–26; effective methods for, 28; errors in, 48–49; orphans reached by, 54–55; proxy means tests, 27, 28, 29–30, 47, 55, 170, 171. See also Targeting

Power issues, 66, 71 PRAF. See Programa de Asignación Familiar Productive Safety Net Programme (PSNP; Ethiopia): components of, 19; education impacts of, 88–89; food expenditures from, 124; food security impact of, 129; health expenditures in, 109; transfer amounts in, 88n, 129

Programa de Asignación Familiar (PRAF; Honduras): conditions in, 110, 141; costs of, 69; education impacts of, 98; evaluation

of, 110; food consumption impact of, 138; health impacts of, 110–13, 115; nutrition impacts of, 140–41, 142; supply improve- ments and, 68, 112–13; targeting costs in, 29

Programa de Educación, Salud y Alimentación (PROGRESA; Mexico): conditions in, 143; costs of, 29, 69; education impact of, 60–61, 93, 96; female beneficiaries of, 44; food consumption impact of, 134, 137–38; health impacts of, 114, 115; nutrition impacts of, 138–40, 142, 143; targeting in, 26n, 28, 29. See also Oportunidades program

Programme for Advancement through Health and Education (PATH; Jamaica), 98, 113–14, 115

PROGRESA. See Programa de Educación, Salud y Alimentación

PSNP. See Productive Safety Net Programme Psychosocial support, 156–57 Public works programs: HIV-affected partici- pants of, xvi, 19–20, 160–62, 165, 175; for home-based care, 19, 119, 162–64; house- hold contracts in, 19, 161–62; impacts of, 162; objectives of, 16; participation decisions in, 63; targeting in, 161, 163; training in, 163, 164; wages in, 26

Reaching Out of School Children Programme (ROSC; Bangladesh), 98, 99

Red Cross, Zimbabwe, 118, 119, 162 Red de Protección Social (RPS; Nicaragua): conditions in, 64, 140; costs of, 29, 69; education impacts of, 96–97; evaluation of, 96–97; female beneficiaries of, 44; food consumption impacts of, 134, 137; food spending by beneficiaries of, 64; health impacts of, 113; nutrition impacts of, 140; supply-side improvements and, 68; targeting methods in, 28, 29–30, 65; transfer sizes in, 140

Red Solidaria, El Salvador, 160 Research methods, 178–79, 182–83 Richter, L., 156 Rivera, J. A., 142 Rivers, J., 35 ROSC. See Reaching Out of School Children Programme

Ross, J. S., 147 RPS. See Red de Protección Social Rwanda, AIDS-related impacts on agriculture in, 32

SAARC. See South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation Sabates-Wheeler, R., 15

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