164 CHAPTER 9


training. The ECD component has thus far focused mainly on skills provision for care providers. In addition to care providers, the ECD plan also envisions work for gardeners, cooks, and administrators as part of ECD provision. South Africa’s Department of Health and Department of Education also have HCBC and ECD programs, respectively, which are linked in varying ways with the EPWP. The social-sector component of the EPWP has moved slowly and not yet received the priority that was envisioned (Parenzee and Budlender 2007). However, it has important potential as a model for HIV/AIDS-responsive social protection in South Africa and elsewhere. Beyond providing services tailored to HIV-affected households, public works programs can support the creation of private assets for households affected by HIV/AIDS, such as simple kitchen gardens and school gardens (McCord 2005, 20). Kitchen gardens, generally placed near homesteads, can boost household consumption of fruits and vegetables and, in times of sur- plus, can generate additional household income. Community gardens run by HIV-positive self-help groups and those caring for children affected by HIV/ AIDS can provide similar benefits, and school gardens can produce food for school-based consumption and generate income to support vulnerable school children. Home gardens in Ethiopia, Uganda, and Zimbabwe focused on in- creasing crop diversity, planting vegetables with high protein and micronutrient value and medicinal herbs, and teaching food storage and processing tech- niques. PLWA have received food rations for participating in training to start their own home gardens, and targeted community members have received food rations for working on trench, kitchen, and community gardens for labor-constrained HIV/AIDS-affected households. Similarly, households have also received payment for participation in training about home sanitation, water treatment (for drinking water and wastewater management), compost- ing, developing wood fuel briquettes from home waste, maintenance and treatment of water supply facilities and pit latrines, and behavior change (Kayira, Greenaway, and Greenblott 2004, 13).


Conclusion AIDS-affected families, like all families, have diverse profiles and a diverse array of needs, and cash transfers do not respond to all of these needs. Indeed, there must be a comprehensive social protection system to allow families affected by HIV and AIDS to meet these needs. Several key issues must be considered when arranging the provision of complementary services: (1) which services respond to priority needs; (2) who should benefit from the activities, all beneficiaries or a subset (for example, those at a specific stage of the life cycle or those experiencing a specific stage of HIV or AIDS illness); and (3) how complementary activities can be linked with cash transfer programs. Cash


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