N2 Fitting and Machining Theory|Hands-On! 179 • Hydraulic oil must help resist corrosion of closely fitted components in the system.


• Tis oil “take up” abrasive materials and contaminants or dirt and deposits them in the filter.


• It assists in the dispersion of heat build-up in the hydraulic system during its circulation through the system.


Hydraulic fluid and any other liquids will take the form of the container in which they are stored without affecting the volume of the fluid. When pressure is applied to a hydraulic fluid, no change takes place in its volume. Fluids are mobile when they change their shape easily. Te expansion and contraction of a fluid is small enough to be disregarded and the density can be taken as a constant.


16.4 Basic components/parts of a hydraulic system


Pumps Te hydraulic pump is generally driven by an electric motor which draws the hydraulic fluid from the reservoir and pressurises it. Pumps are also devices that produce pressure energy in the hydraulic system and change the mechanical energy they receive into hydraulic fluid pressure.


centerline case


cylinder block centerline


outlet pintle pistons


cylinder block


inlet


Te three basic designs are radial, rotary and axial and are available as fixed or variable displacement models. A radial pump has the pistons arranged radially in a cylinder block, the rotary is a gear-type pump, while in the axially units the pistons are parallel to each other and to the cylinder block. Te latter may be divided further into in-line (swash plate or wobble plate) and bent axis types.


reaction ring Figure 16.5 Operation of radial piston pump Reservoir


Te storage space for the fluid is the oil reservoir. Te hydraulic fluid is kept clean by using strainers, filters and magnetic plugs to the degree required by the conditions. Te reservoir is also called the sump or tank and should be deep and narrow instead of shallow and wide.


Te reservoir stores the fluid until called for by the system. Te reservoir should also provide a place for air to separate out of the fluid and should permit contaminants to settle as well. An added advantage of a well-designed reservoir will help dispel any heat generated in the system. In the case of a solid tank, the reservoir helps to decrease the noise level. It is vital that every hydraulic system should have its own oil reservoir.


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