Developments of 2011 continued into 2012,
with Unilever launching a charitable foundation at the World Economic Forum 2012 with the goal of helping more than 1 billion people improve their health and well-being. It is also working with the World Food Programme’s Project Laser Beam to help eradicate hunger and poverty in Bangladesh and Indonesia. It, in partnership with other orga- nizations, has commited US$50 million over five years to create a replicable and sustainable solution targeted at the ultra-poor, especially women.11 Te Rockefeller Foundation has reoriented its
philanthropic mission to promote human well- being with greater focus on Africa. It launched the Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa (AGR) in partnership with the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation in 2006. Tis Africa-based and Africa-led organization is charged with sustain- ably increasing the productivity and profitability of smallholder farms throughout Africa. It seeks to provide access to more resilient seeds that pro- duce higher and more stable yields, promote soil health and productivity, build more efficient local, national, and regional agricultural markets, pro- mote beter policies, and build partnerships to
develop technologies and institutional changes needed to achieve a green revolution. AGR received a grant of US$5 million for 2011 and 2012 from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and the Rockefeller Foundation to improve the productiv- ity and incomes of small-scale farmers in Africa by integrating its programs with those of partners such as African governments, CGIAR centers, the private sector, and various network programs in the breadbasket regions of key countries.12
MOVING TOWARD A NEW DEVELOPMENT DYNAMIC
Te rise of new players has fueled calls for new state and nonstate players to become even more involved in the governance of global food security. Te G20, in particular, has filled a gap in global governance by creating coalitions that connect advanced and developing countries. For example, the G20 affirmed its support for a widening role for the Commitee on World Food Security at its June 2011 meeting of agriculture ministers.13 In its Ministerial Declaration, the G20 indicated its sup- port for the ongoing work of the Commitee as the
Beyond aid flows, the philanthropic
sector has also changed the way in which aid to agriculture is being channeled within countries. International nongov- ernmental organizations and voluntary organizations have been able to deliver essential services and public goods, thereby assuming critical roles that gov- ernments or international donors cannot. Meanwhile, private foundations have focused on strengthening the capacity of local development institutions that can adapt solutions to local conditions. In addition, through investments at all levels of agricultural value chains, private foundations have catalyzed the develop- ment and piloting of innovative solutions, approaches, and models—from planting
high-quality seeds and improving farm- management practices to streamlining methods of bringing crops to market. The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
has emerged in recent years, alongside major multilateral and bilateral donors, as one of the leading contributors to agricultural development aid. It supplies approximately US$400 million per year in agriculture-sector grants, with a par- ticular focus on smallholder productivity growth in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. Through 2011, the Foundation com- mitted US$2 billion to its Agricultural Development Program, which has helped initiate action among partners at both (1) the global level, in support, for instance, of high-end agricultural
research and development by the CGIAR, and (2) national and local levels, in direct support of farmers and the situations (including the knowledge, socioeconomic, and ecological systems) they operate within. Investments have ranged from the development of global public goods (such as improved crop and livestock varieties, farming practices, and agricul- tural data and statistics) to implementing and targeting successful programs (for example, through efforts to address local market failures or to ensure that improved tools reach the hands of farmers). The Foundation believes that these collabora- tive efforts will help enhance smallholder productivity and reduce poverty in Sub- Saharan Africa and South Asia.
NEW PLAYERS 75
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