Development all highlighted the need for gov- ernments to ensure responsible investment in agriculture and to strengthen land administration systems that respect the rights, livelihoods, and resources of all citizens.7
NEW PLAYERS
New “players”—such as the private sector, emerg- ing economies, and philanthropic organizations— are increasingly reshaping the structure and nature of the global food policy landscape. Not only are these new players a largely untapped source of financial support to food security efforts in devel- oping countries, but they also offer a wealth of knowledge and expertise, providing new oppor- tunities to address the increasing complexity and challenges facing the global food system. In 2011 these new players became more
entrenched in global food policymaking processes. For example, the G20 is quickly claiming a growing role, next to the G8, as a principal forum for man- aging global economic problems. Te action plan of the G20 agriculture ministers also emphasized the importance of strengthening the engagement of nonstate actors, especially the private sector, in global food security efforts. Emerging economies such as Brazil, China, and India have increased their engagement, especially in terms of forging South–South cooperation. In 2011, for example, the FAO and China made three-party agreements with Liberia and Senegal to provide Chinese technical assistance to food security initiatives and projects. One noteworthy development has been the initia- tion of cooperation agreements between the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and emerging economies such as Brazil and China in support of agricultural and health innovations in the developing world. Other 2011 initiatives demonstrate the private
sector’s increasing involvement in global food secu- rity efforts. Te World Economic Forum released a “Roadmap for Stakeholders” as part of its New Vision for Agriculture Initiative. Tis initiative—a collaboration among the World Economic Forum’s partner companies—promotes market-based strat- egies for sustainable agricultural development. In parallel, the Forum’s partner CEOs contributed to
New “players”—such as the private sector, emerging economies, and philanthropic organizations—are increasingly reshaping the structure and nature of the global food policy landscape.
the development of policy positions on food price volatility and food insecurity that fed directly into the 2011 deliberations of the G20 agricul- ture ministers. Public–private partnerships have been launched to promote sustainable agricultural growth, reduce hunger, and improve nutrition. For instance, PepsiCo has signed several agree- ments with international organizations to sup- port increased agricultural production (especially among smallholders) alongside long-term nutri- tional and economic security efforts in countries such as China, Ethiopia, and Mexico. Similarly, pri- vate philanthropic and civil society organizations have continued to be major supporters of agricul- tural development, nutrition, poverty alleviation, and natural resource management. Still, the opportunities presented by these new
players have not been fully harnessed. For example, the private sector’s presence in many global food security platforms is essentially limited to multi- national corporations, and there is no real platform for engaging smaller companies. And until recently, the traditional aid donor community—represented by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development’s Development Assistance Com- mitee—has not involved new players.
REGIONAL DEVELOPMENTS
Some regional developments shaped food secu- rity and agriculture, as well as development more broadly, over the course of 2011. In parts of North Africa and the Middle East,
long-standing factors—ranging from youth unem- ployment to growing income disparities and high
OVERVIEW 7
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