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The twelfth five-year plan focusses on questions of environmental protection: The emissions of CO2 as well as deleterious flue gas and the waste of energy are objects of the legislator’s attention.
第12个五年计划的一 个重点就是环保：立法 者的关注点是CO2的排 放，以及危害健康的废 气和能源浪费。
regulations serve as reference points for that purpose, among others the particularly strict Tech- nical Instructions on Air Quality Control (TA Luft) from Germany.
Foundries are facing high costs for complex filtering techniques
For the industry, these prescriptions involve huge adjust-
ments. One of the most affected branches is the Chinese aluminium industry, which is strong-selling and produces – among other things – components for automotive and motor- cycle manufacturers from all over the world. In the region of Shanghai alone, in which roughly 70 percent of the foundries are seated, about 500.000 tons of aluminium are melted every year. During that process both gaseous pollutants as well as solid particles emerge, which have to be removed from the emissions according to the new regulations. Interceptors and filters are not sufficient, additional condensers, adsorption and absorption systems are necessary. The acquisition costs of an appropriate facility for a single melting furnace as generally used here range from 70.000 to 140.000 US dollars. In addi- tion to that high operating and maintenance costs arise. Furthermore, many of the existing furnaces don’t work nearly as efficiently concerning energy and raw materials as the standards request, which are designed for sustainability. The furnaces are hardly insulated and thus lose a large part of the heat which is meant for melting to the surroundings. The consequences are a heightened need of energy and therefore an increase of CO2 emissions. Occasionally the furnaces are even open, which makes the aluminium partly burn. The loss of material can amount to ten percent of the applied quantity. At a rate of about 2.200 US dollars per ton and a melting quan- tity of 50 tons per day this equals 11.000 dollars a day.
German furnaces fulfil the requirements even without filtering techniques
Against the background of these costs and of the legal
问题，还要与气候变化进行斗 争。 预计将为此引入氧化氮和 氨态氮的新极限值。 这里将以
其它国家的规定作为参照目标，其中包括尤为严格的德 国空气净化技术指南（TA Luft）。
复杂过滤器设备的高成本威胁着铸造厂
对于工业界来说，此规定意味着一个巨大的变化。它 严重涉及到在中国有着巨大销售市场的铝制品行业，它 们为全世界的汽车和摩托车制造商生产零件。其中，百 分之七十的铸造厂在上海，仅在这一地区每年要熔化大 约500,000吨铝。这不仅将生成气态有害物质，而且还 将生成固体悬浮颗粒。按照新规定必须从废气中清除掉 这些物质。然而，仅依靠分离器和过滤器是不够的，还 必须使用冷凝器、吸附或吸收系统。这样， 一台常规熔 化炉需添置设备的购置成本就在 70,000 和 140,000 美 元之间。 另外还有高额的运行和保养费用。 再者，现有的很多熔化炉都不能像基于可持续性的规 划所要求的那样高能效地工作、有效地利用原材料。这 些设备几乎都无保温隔离层，本应用于熔化的很多热量 都逃逸到了环境中去。其结果当然是能耗的提高，CO2 排放量也因此增加。有时，熔化炉甚至是敞开的，一部 分铝甚至因此而燃烧。 原材料损耗最高可达到所加工量 的百分之十。如果一吨铝价为大约2,200美元，每天熔 化50吨，那么每天将损失11,000美元。
德国熔化炉即使无过滤设备也可以满足规定要求
现在，鉴于成本和法律方面的压力，首批铸造厂决定 投资购买现代化的环保型设备，以求长远地解决能效和
The pollution of air, water and soil is supposed to be combated severely by new marginal values and controls.
在未来将采用新的监控指标，并与 空气污染、水污染和土壤污染进行 尖锐的斗争。
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FOUNDRY-PLANET.COM | MODERN CASTING | CHINA FOUNDRY ASSOCIATION Winter 2012
Source:
www.pixelio.de 来源：
www.pixelio.de
Source:
www.pixelio.de 来源：
www.pixelio.de
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