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Page 70


www.us- tech.com Designing Human-Machine Interfaces Continued from previous page


consistent set of menu buttons and functions from screen to screen and avoid irrelevant data. HMI designers should consider the necessity


of factors like intuitive symbols, colors, handling, and feasibility. A more sophisticated fingerprint sensor does not make much sense in a semicon- ductor frontend environment where operators wear gloves. Keep colors simple, bold and bright and


depict them on neutral backgrounds. Avoid too many colors or flashing alarms. While the ISA and other organizations are currently working on stan- dardized color schemes, it is still best practice to follow the “traffic light” model for key actions (red = stop/failure; yellow = warning; green = start/OK). In all cases, color should never be the sole source of information and must carry the same meaning wherever it appears in the HMI.


Feedback is critical to ergonomic industrial design. First determine if the operators need visu-


al, auditory or tactile feedback, or a combination, and then ensure the results of an action (i.e. press- ing a button or toggling a switch) are made absolutely clear by that method.


Choosing Control Technologies Once HMI functionality is defined, control


technologies can be investigated. Pushbuttons offer quick visual indication when needed and can be manipulated easily with gloves on. Rotary switches are ideal for applications that require multiple position indicators and can be paired with keylock technologies for an additional layer of security. Slide switches are preferred when ease- of-use and low-cost switching are desired, such as notebook cases and handheld on/off functionality. Short travel technologies can include cost-


Mixed technology solutions provide intuitive operation, efficiency and multi-functionality.


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effective, conductive rubber keys in a typical key- board, dome keys under an overlay or a multilayer membrane. These are ideal for appli- cations operating in aggressive envi- ronments that require a rugged, com- pletely sealed surface. Display technology choices are


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dictated by the HMI system environ- ment and its degree of ambient illu- mination, as well as any color requirements. Active matrix LCD technologies are commonly used for color functionality, while legacy LCD technology is used in applications where monochromatic feedback is sufficient. OLEDs currently support smaller displays. Touchscreen technology offers a


range of functionalities and charac- teristics that govern HMI systems according to application and environ- ment. It is important to determine which touch technology will be used early in the design cycle, as each option has unique electrical and mechanical requirements. Capacitive touchscreens, which use only a con- ductive input (i.e. a finger or stylus), transmit 75 percent of monitor light — compared with 50 percent by resis- tive touchscreens — resulting in a clearer picture. Infrared touchscreens project


horizontal and vertical beams of infrared light over the surface of the screen. When a finger or other object breaks those beams, the touch is reg- istered. These are the most cost- effective, are relatively impervious to damage and can be used by workers wearing gloves. Motion control most often


employs a joystick for applications requiring macro-control, such as con- trolling a robotic arm, or directional control for materials handling equip- ment or pull mechanisms. Emergency stops are always a


discrete function in the electronics production environment because a mistakenly hit E-stop could result in significant impact on process quality and yield. Per SEMI S2 guidelines they are identified as EMO stops and are distinguished from other E- stop configurations through a guard over the switch that allows opera- tion to be conducted with the palm of the hand only. Other specific characteristics of


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control systems in electronics produc- tion include the use of tethered pen- dants with operations brought to a tethered box — both wired and wire- less. This allows, for example, the operator to move away from the main control panel to perform tasks such as setting parameters.


HMI Communication Selecting the appropriate com-


munications technologies depends on the user’s specific needs and may


Continued on next page


October, 2019


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