216 R. Rice et al.
not a general solution to environmental issues, but rather a technique that needs careful planning and design. En- vironmental education has the potential to be a powerful tool in conservation but it should be assessed and organized like any other environmental action. To expand and con- solidate the conclusions drawn from this study, we suggest using subjective observations in addition to questionnaires, or using a different data collection method such as inter- views. Additionally, adding another follow-up stage to the study design, such as after 1 month or 1 year, would help clarify the effects of any environmental education inter- vention. To achieve the full potential of environmental education, future work is necessary to evaluate further the effects of other types of activities, such as those that take place outside the classroom.
Acknowledgments We thank everybody at Maio Biodiversity Foundation for their ongoing support; the staff at the Ministry of Education in Maio, especially Maria Ribeiro, for providing permission to enter the schools; and all teachers, students and parents who facili- tated this project. RRwas funded by the Evolution Education Trust stu- dentship (EH-BB1311). NE was funded by the Luxembourg National Research Fund (grant number 13530957). TS was funded by The Royal Society (Wolfson Merit Award WM170050, APEX APX\R1\191045) and by the National Research, Development and Innovation Office of Hungary (ÉLVONAL KKP-126949, K-116310).
Author contributions Conceptualization: RR, TS; development and participation in the educational intervention: RR, HS, JA, NE; statistical analysis: RR; writing: RR; advising on concepts, analyses and supplementary figures: MH, RK; revision: all authors.
Conflicts of interest None.
Ethical standards Maio Biodiversity Foundation was granted full clearance to undertake this study in the fourth-grade classes across schools in Maio by Maria Ribeiro, the education delegate of Maio. This research abided by the Oryx guidelines on ethical standards. Student identities are kept anonymous in the dataset. We explained the objectives and implications of the research to the students and staff members, who freely provided consent for their participation.
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Oryx, 2024, 58(2), 210–217 © The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Fauna & Flora International doi:10.1017/S0030605323000303
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