TABLE 1 Data on primate species in India, including the conservation status according to the IUCN Red List (IUCN, 2021) and the Wild Life (Protection) Act (WLPA; numerals denote schedule types under theWLPA, with lower values representing a higher protection status), the number of population studies published during 2000–2021, study site protection (PA, protected areas;NPA, non-protected areas), survey methods used, study location, main direct threats faced, local population trend (as reported in the studies) and the global population trend (according to the IUCN Red List). The numbers in parentheses indicate the number of reports. Species for which we did not find any studies are marked with asterisks (*); data on the direct threats and global population trend for these species were taken from the IUCN Red List.
Conservation status
Species
Lorises Grey slender loris* Loris lydekkerianus grandis
Bengal slow loris Nycticebus bengalensis
Langurs Kashmir gray langur Semnopithecus ajax
Northern plains gray langur
Semnopithecus entellus
Tarai gray langur* Semnopithecus hector
Black-footed gray lan- gur Semnopithecus hypoleucos
Tufted gray langur Semnopithecus priam
Nepal gray langur* Semnopithecus schistaceus
Nilgiri langur* Semnopithecus johnii
Capped langur Trachypithecus pileatus
NT II LC II NT II LC II VU I VU I IUCN WLPA EN I EN I
EN II LC II
No. of studies Study location (State)
0 1 n/a Assam
2 Himachal Pradesh (1); Jammu and Kashmir (1)
0 1 1 0 0 5
4 Maharashtra (1); Odisha (1); Rajasthan (1); Karnataka (1) n/a
Karnataka (1) Tamil Nadu (1) n/a n/a
Arunachal Pradesh (1); Assam (3); Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Manipur, Mizoram, Nagaland & Tripura (1)
Protection status of the study site(s)
n/a PA (1)
PA(1); both PA & NPA (1)
PA (1); NPA (2); both PA & NPA (1)
n/a PA (1) PA (1) n/a n/a
PA (4); NPA (1)
Methods used n/a All count (1)
Line transects (1); distance sampling (1)
All count (1); line transects (3)
n/a
Main direct threats [IUCN threat code]
Residential & commercial development [1]; agricul- ture & aquaculture [2]
Natural system modifications [7]
Natural system modifications [7]
Natural system modifica- tions [7]; biological resource use [5]
Residential & commercial development [1]; agriculture & aquaculture [2]
Line transects (1) Natural system modifications [7]
All count (1) n/a n/a
Line transects & all count (1); all count (1); line transects (1); random sampling (1); various (1)
Natural system modifications [7]
Residential & commercial development [1]; agricul- ture & aquaculture [2]
Residential & commercial development [1]; agricul- ture & aquaculture [2]
Natural system modifica- tions [7]; biological resource use [5]
Local popula- tion trend
n/a
Global popu- lation trend
Declining Declining (1) Declining Stable (2)
Stable (2); declining (1); increasing (1)
n/a
Declining Declining
Declining Increasing (1) Declining Stable (1) n/a n/a Declining Declining Stable Declining (5) Declining
170 S. Hameed et al.
Oryx, 2024, 58(2), 167–178 © The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Fauna & Flora International doi:10.1017/S0030605323000716
Page 1 |
Page 2 |
Page 3 |
Page 4 |
Page 5 |
Page 6 |
Page 7 |
Page 8 |
Page 9 |
Page 10 |
Page 11 |
Page 12 |
Page 13 |
Page 14 |
Page 15 |
Page 16 |
Page 17 |
Page 18 |
Page 19 |
Page 20 |
Page 21 |
Page 22 |
Page 23 |
Page 24 |
Page 25 |
Page 26 |
Page 27 |
Page 28 |
Page 29 |
Page 30 |
Page 31 |
Page 32 |
Page 33 |
Page 34 |
Page 35 |
Page 36 |
Page 37 |
Page 38 |
Page 39 |
Page 40 |
Page 41 |
Page 42 |
Page 43 |
Page 44 |
Page 45 |
Page 46 |
Page 47 |
Page 48 |
Page 49 |
Page 50 |
Page 51 |
Page 52 |
Page 53 |
Page 54 |
Page 55 |
Page 56 |
Page 57 |
Page 58 |
Page 59 |
Page 60 |
Page 61 |
Page 62 |
Page 63 |
Page 64 |
Page 65 |
Page 66 |
Page 67 |
Page 68 |
Page 69 |
Page 70 |
Page 71 |
Page 72 |
Page 73 |
Page 74 |
Page 75 |
Page 76 |
Page 77 |
Page 78 |
Page 79 |
Page 80 |
Page 81 |
Page 82 |
Page 83 |
Page 84 |
Page 85 |
Page 86 |
Page 87 |
Page 88 |
Page 89 |
Page 90 |
Page 91 |
Page 92 |
Page 93 |
Page 94 |
Page 95 |
Page 96 |
Page 97 |
Page 98 |
Page 99 |
Page 100 |
Page 101 |
Page 102 |
Page 103 |
Page 104 |
Page 105 |
Page 106 |
Page 107 |
Page 108 |
Page 109 |
Page 110 |
Page 111 |
Page 112 |
Page 113 |
Page 114 |
Page 115 |
Page 116 |
Page 117 |
Page 118 |
Page 119 |
Page 120 |
Page 121 |
Page 122 |
Page 123 |
Page 124 |
Page 125 |
Page 126 |
Page 127 |
Page 128 |
Page 129 |
Page 130 |
Page 131 |
Page 132 |
Page 133 |
Page 134 |
Page 135 |
Page 136 |
Page 137 |
Page 138 |
Page 139 |
Page 140
