TABLE 1(Cont.)
Conservation status
Species
Gee’s golden langur Trachypithecus geei
Phayre’s leaf monkey Trachypithecus phayrei
Macaques Rhesus macaque Macaca mulatta
IUCN WLPA EN I
EN I LC II
No. of studies Study location (State)
2 1
7
Assam (2) Tripura (1)
Uttar Pradesh (1); Karnataka (1); Assam (3); Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Goa & Karnataka (1); Odisha (1)
Assamese macaque Macaca assamensis
Stump-tailed macaque Macaca arctoides
Dark-bellied bonnet macaque Macaca radiata radiata
Southern pig-tailed macaque Macaca nemestrina
Northern pig-tailed macaque Macaca leonina
Arunachal macaque Macaca munzala
White-cheeked macaque* Macaca leucogenys
Tibetan macaque* Macaca thibetana
NT II
VU II VU II
EN II VU II
EN Not listed
EN Not listed
NT Not listed
4
3 2
1 2 4 0 0
Arunachal Pradesh (1); Assam (3)
Assam (3) Karnataka (2) Assam (1) Assam (2)
Protection status of the study site(s)
PA (2) PA (1)
PA (2); NPA (3); both PA & NPA (2)
Methods used
Line transects (1); all count (1)
Main direct threats [IUCN threat code]
Natural system modifications [7]
Line transects (1) Human intrusions & disturbance [6]
Line transects (4); all count (2); random sampling (1)
Natural system modifica- tions [7]; biological resource use [5]
Local popula- tion trend
Increasing (1); decreasing (1)
Global popu- lation trend
Declining Decreasing (1) Declining
Increasing (2); decreasing (5)
Unknown
PA (2); NPA (2)
PA (2); NPA (1)
NPA (1); both PA & NPA (1)
PA (1)
PA (1); NPA (1)
Arunachal Pradesh (4) NPA (4) n/a n/a n/a n/a
Line transects (2); all count (1); random sampling (1)
All count (2); random sampling (1)
Natural system modifications [7]
Natural system modifications [7]
Line transects (2) Natural system modifica- tions [7]; human intrusions & disturbance [6]
Line transects (1) Natural system modifications [7]
Random sampling (1); all count (1)
Random sampling & direct sighting (4)
n/a n/a
Natural system modifications [7]
Natural system modifica- tions [7]; biological resource use [5]
Agriculture & aquaculture [2]; biological resource use [5]
Residential & commercial development [1]; agriculture & aquaculture [2]
Declining (3); small (1)
Declining (2); stable (1)
Declining Stable Declining (2) Declining Declining (1) Declining Declining (2) Declining
Increasing (1); small (3)
n/a n/a Declining Declining Declining
Decline of Indian primates 171
Oryx, 2024, 58(2), 167–178 © The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Fauna & Flora International doi:10.1017/S0030605323000716
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