178


Journal of Paleontology 92(2):170–182


Table 2. Stratigraphic distribution of species of the Nephropidae, compiled for three time intervals: Early Cretaceous, Late Cretaceous, and Paleogene and Neogene (data from Appendix 2).


Paleogene Period and Neogene Period (66–2.6 Myr) Homarus=5 Hoploparia=9(8+H. stokesi extending up from Late Cretaceous) Metanephrops=2(1+M. jenkinsi extending up from Late Cretaceous) Nephrops=1 Oncopareia=1 Dinochelus=1 Total=19


Late Cretaceous Epoch (Cenomanian Age [100 Ma]–end of Maastrichtian Age [66 Ma]) Hoploparia=33 (31+2 [H. tshudyi extending up from Early Cretaceous, and H. stokesi extending into Paleogene])


Jagtia=1 Metanephrops=2(1+ M. jenkinsi extending into Paleogene) Oncopareia=3 Palaeonephrops=1 Paraclytia=4 Total=44


Homarus=1 Hoploparia=18 Total=19


Early Cretaceous Epoch (Valangian Age [ca. 139 Ma]–end of Albian Age [100 Ma])


Hungary), and was transferred to the Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest. We thank R. Feldmann for whitening and photographing the specimen, and D. Mitchell for Photoshop help. Feldmann also provided a helpful critique of an earlier version. Reviews by S. Charbonnie and G. Schweigert further improved the manuscript. Research of MH has been supported by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF; Lise Meitner Program M 1544-B25) and the Slovak Research and Development Agency under contract no. APVV-0436-12.MHandADwere supported by Hungarian Scientific Research Fund (OTKA K112708).


Accessibility of supplemental data


Data (appendices 2 and 3) available from the Dryad Digital Repository: http://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.qr818


References Aguirre-Urreta, M.B., 1989, The Cretaceous decapod Crustacea of Argentina and the Antarctic Peninsula: Palaeontology, v. 32, p. 499–552.


rock exposure area. Nonetheless, the work of Schweitzer and Feldmann (2015), and now ours, corroborates the long-held hypothesis that, whatever the cause, clawed lobsters largely abandoned shallow-water environments over geological time.


Conclusion


Homarus is known by two Recent and six fossil species. The fossil species are all European, and give the genus a record extending back to the Early Cretaceous. Homarus makes its appearance in the fossil record in the Early Cretaceous (Albian) and then is not known again until the Paleogene, despite the fact that nephropid lobsters in general are well known from the Late Cretaceous. The separateness of, and differences between, Homarus


and the extinct Hoploparia have long been debated. In our opinion, Hoploparia is most readily distinguished from Homarus by the ventral extension of the branchiocardiac groove (absent on Homarus) and the granulation of the exoskeleton (almost entirely absent on Homarus). In addition, the majority of Hoploparia display an antennal carina (absent on Homarus), as well as postantennal spines (absent on Homarus). Homarus lacks sculpture and ornamentation on its pleonal terga and pleura (some Hoploparia possess these). Claws of Homarus are much broader than those of nearly all Hoploparia. Hoploparia, the best-known fossil genus of clawed lobster, is known by 58 species. Diversity of shelf-dwelling nephropid lobsters was highest


during the Late Cretaceous. Raw tallies of species diversity numbers, as well as numbers corrected (normalized) for epi- continental sea coverage, indicate that clawed lobsters largely abandoned shallow-water environments over geological time.


Acknowledgments


The specimen of Homarus hungaricus n. sp. came from the private collection of the late Dr. P.M. Müller (Budapest,


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Bachmayer, F., and Mundlos, R., 1968, Die tertiären Krebse von Helmstedt bei Braunschweig, Deutschland: Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, v. 72, p. 649–692.


Báldi, T., 1973, Mollusc fauna of the Hungarian Upper Oligocene (Egerian): Budapest, Akadémiai Kiadó, 511 p.


Bate, C.S., 1888, Report on the Crustacea Macrura collected by H.M.S. “Chal- lenger” during the years 1873–1876. Reports on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H.M.S. Challenger During the Years 1873–1876 Under the Command of Captain George S. Nares, R.N., F.R.S. and the Late Captain Frank Tourle Thomson, R.N. Zoology: Edinburgh, Neill and Company, v. 24, 942 p.


Beard, T.W., and McGregor, D., 2004, Storage and care of live lobsters. Laboratory Leaflet Number 66 (Revised): Lowestoft, Centre for Environ- ment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, 26 p.


Bell, T., 1850, Notes on the Crustacea of the Chalk Formation, in Dixon, F., ed., The Geology and Fossils of the Tertiary and Cretaceous Formations of Sussex: London, Brown, Green & Longmans, p. 344–345.


Bell, T., 1863, A monograph of the fossil malacostracous Crustacea of Great Britain. Part II. Crustacea of the Gault and Greensand: Monographs of the Palaeontographical Society London, 40 p.


Beschin, C., Busulini, A., De Angeli, A., and Tessier, G., 1996, Retroplumoidea (Crustacea, Brachyura) nel Terziario del Vicentino (Italia settentrionale): Lavori—Società Veneziana di Scienze Naturali, v. 21, p. 83–102.


Beurlen, K., 1928, Die Decapoden des Schwäbischen Jura mit Ausnahme der aus den oberjurasischen Plattenkalken stammenden. Beiträge zur Systematik und Stammesgeschichte der Decapoden: Palaeontographica, v. 70, p. 115–278.


Beurlen, K., 1938, Algunos fósiles cretácicos (vermes, equínidos, crustáceos) de la Cordillera: Estudios geológicos y paleontólogicos sobre la Cordillera oriental de Colombia, v. 3, p. 128–136.


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Borissjak, A., 1904, Ob ostatkakh‘ otlozhenii izh nizhne-melovykh‘ otlozhenii Kryma [Sur les restes de crustacés dans les dépôts du Crétacé inférieur de la Crimée]: Otdel’nyk ottisk‘ izh 23, Izvestii Geologicheskogo Komiteta, Sankt Peterburg, v. 100, p. 411–423.


Bosquet, J., 1854, Les Crustacés fossiles du Terrain Crétacé du Limbourg: Verhandelingen uitgegeven door de Commissie belast met het vervaardigen eener geologische beschrijving en kaart van Nederland, v. 2, p. 1–127. (10–137).


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