Signorelli and Raven—Current knowledge of the family Cardiliidae
Type material.—One syntype MNHN 23202, length 24mm. Les mers de Nouvelle–Hollande, à l'île St. Pierre et St. François, Australia (locality erroneously registered according to Huber, 2010).
Remarks.—Cardilia semisulcata has been sampled from north Queensland and Western Australia by Lamprell and Healy, 1998. Deshayes (1844) recorded it from the Malacca Strait and Lamy (1917) from the Philippines and Japan. Additional records of this species are from off Port Blair, Andaman Islands (Smith, 1906); Persian Gulf (Melvill and Standen, 1907; Al- Khayat, 1997); and offshore Oman (Oliver, 1995) and Northern Territory, New South Wales (both Australia), Fiji, New Cale- donia, Papua New Guinea (Atlas of Living Australia). Cotton (1961, p. 20) stated that this species is not present in South Australia from where it was described, and also the Atlas of Living Australia does not provide any records from that area. Huber (2010) concluded that the type locality is erroneous.
Cardilia atlantica Nicklès, 1955 Figure 2.1–2.3
Type material.—One syntype, ZMUC 1512, one right valve collected from muddy bottom; collection date: 15/1/1946; height 14mm, length 8.6mm, width 5.5mm. Station 70 of Danish Atlantide expedition to West Africa, Lat: 4.83 N, Long: 2.82 W, 60–65m depth.
Remarks.—Cardilia atlantica Nicklès, 1955 is a valid living species that comes from the eastern AtlanticOcean. Itwas reported by Nicklès (1955) as fossil from Quaternary deposits of Port- Gentil, Gabon and as living specimens from Liberia, Ghana (then called Gold Coast) and Nigeria. Similarities with C. inermis Deshayes from the PacificOcean and toC. krawangensis Oostingh from the Neogene of Java were mentioned, although Oostingh’s species has a larger shell with a less prosogyrous umbo.
Cardilia bruneiana Beets, 1944 Figure 2.4–2.6
Type material.—Holotype RGM 783503, articulated specimen; height 20mm; length 14.7mm; width 18 mm.; one paratype RGM 783535, height 9.4mm. Late Miocene deposits (Seria Formation) sample Tutong 13, NW of Tutong, Brunei, NW Borneo. The paratype is from sample Tutong 15B slightly lower in the same formation. The Seria Formation was deposited during the Tortonian as was recently reconfirmed by micro- fossils from an outcrop of a younger and shallower part of the formation (Bukit Ambug, latest Tortonian; Roslim et al., 2016).
Remarks.—Cardilia bruneiana was registered from deposits of similar age than those where C. krawangensis and C. ludwigi came from. The differences compared to other Indonesian species have been analyzed (Beets, 1944). In his publication, two new names were introduced: Cardilia bruneiana and C. palembangensis. The first species has been described from Tutong, Brunei and has a less oval shell than C. krawangensis, with the radial ribs of the posterior area extending further forward ventrally but less so on the umbo. In addition, two undetermined
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species were mentioned by Beets (1944): Cardilia sp. 1 from Padang, Sumatra and Cardilia sp. 2 from Rembang, Central Java Province.
Cardilia deshayesi Hörnes, 1859 Figure 2.7, 2.8
Type material.—Holotype NHMWien 1855/XLV/286, a single specimen collected from middle Miocene deposits of the Vienna Basin; height 9mm, length 6mm, and width 8mm. Badenian, middle Miocene deposits exposed at Steinebrunn, Vienna Basin, Austria.
Remarks.—Cardilia deshayesi is a valid species widely recor- ded from Badenian (middle Miocene) exposures in the Vienna Basin (Karrer, 1877; Handmann, 1888; Sieber, 1958; Schultz, 2003, among others). It was additionally registered from different localities in east Europe like Smarzowa, Poland (Friedberg, 1936), Lontov, Slovakia (Tejkal et al., 1967), Mikulov, Czech Republic (Studencka et al., 1998), and Venetia, Italy (Stefanini 1916; Venzo, 1934).
Cardilia gemmulata Gould, 1861
Type material.—Lost, not reported in the original description as deposited in any American institution (Johnson, 1964), height 2.5mm, length 2mm, width 2mm. China seas.
Remarks.—Cardilia gemmulata was described from the China Sea, only 2mm length. It should not be considered a nomen oblitum as concluded by Higo et al. (1999) because it was mentioned after 1899 (art. 23.9.2 of the code) by several authors (Lamy, 1917; Johnson, 1964; Ruhoff, 1980; Huber, 2010). However, the type material is probably lost as it was not mentioned by Johnson (1964) as deposited in any institution. Cardilia gemmulata should be considered nomen dubium,as suggested by Huber (2010), until new material can be collected.
Cardilia inermis Deshayes, 1844 Figures 3.1–3.3, 4.3, 4.4
Type Material.—Not found. Coast of Sumatra, Indonesia.
Additional material examined.—Four valves, two broken, NHMUK 20160445, H. Cuming collection.
Remarks.—According to Huber (2010), the species C. inermis is the smaller and more squarish living species. Originally described from Sumatra, its distribution has been expanded to South China, Thailand and Philippine Islands (Fischer, 1861; Lynge, 1909).
Cardilia krawangensis Oostingh, 1934 Figure 5.1, 5.2
Type material.—Not found, probably deposited at GMBI; height 11.5mm, width 7.5mm, thickness 10.5 mm,. Besides the holotype, there are two specimens from the same locality. Topographical/Geological Map Sheet 30 (Purwakarta, Java Province, Indonesia), Locality 1998, Cikao, Cidadap Formation
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