286


Journal of Paleontology 92(2):272–288


Montana, and Alaska. The detailed taphonomic studies of the Centrosaurus apertus bonebeds in theBelly RiverGroup indicate that these deposits represent mass death assemblages of massive herds of centrosaurs (Ryan et al., 2001; Eberth and Getty, 2005; Eberth et al., 2010; Chiba et al., 2015). To date, detailed tapho- nomic analyses have yet to be carried out on the Medusaceratops and Wendiceratops bonebeds, but such studies could lead to important insights into the palaeobiology of early ceratopsids. Previous taphonomic work on more derived taxa, and examples of basal neoceratopsian and Zuniceratops bonebeds (Hunt and Farke, 2010; Wolfe et al., 2010) suggest that large-scale gregar- ious behavior has deep evolutionary roots in Ceratopsia and may be plesiomorphic for Centrosaurinae.


Acknowledgments


We thank D. Brinkman, B. Strilisky, G. Housego, B. Bavington- Sanchez, T. Courtenay, and R. Russell for specimen access in Royal Tyrrell Museum of Palaeontology. A. Guyon and L. Shinkle provided specimen access in the Wyoming Dinosaur Center, and C. Levitt-Bussian for specimen access at the Natural History Museum of Utah. M. Shibata, T. Sekiya, T. Sonoda, S. Kawabe, H. Yukawa facilitated specimen access in the Fukui Prefectural Dinosaur Museum. We thank A. Dzindic (Canada Fossils Ltd.) for his care in preparing many of the specimens, and I.Morrison for preparation at the ROM, as well as J. Issa (Canada Fossils Ltd.) for specimen loans and facilitating specimen acqui- sition.We thank D. Trexler (TwoMedicine Dinosaur Center) for providing the information onWDCB-MC-001.We are grateful to D. and L. Redding, and M. Goodwin (University of California Museum of Paleontology) for fieldwork logistics, and T. Cullen (University of Toronto) for assistance in the field. Thanks to K. Seymour and B. Iwama for logistical support at the ROM. We thank A. Farke for a constructive review, and K. Brink and D. Eberth (Royal TyrrellMuseum of Palaeontology) for discussions and editorial assistance. The Dinosaur Research Institute for provided a travel grant to


KFC to present this study at the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology annual meeting in 2016. The Louise Hawley Stone Charitable Trust and Royal Ontario Museum provided funding to acquire specimens for this project. DCE was supported by a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Discovery Grant (NSERC Grant File Number: RGPIN 355845). Fieldwork associated with this research was supported by the Royal Ontario Museum Repro- ductions Fund and the ROM Collections & Research Fieldwork Fund. The Willi Henning Society provided access to TNT.


Accessibility of supplemental data


Data available from the Dryad Digital Repository: http://doi. org/10.5061/dryad.8h067 Supplemental data include the following:


Text S1. List of the Mansfield bonebed specimens used for character coding.


Table S1. Specimen list of the Mansfield bonebed material housed in museum collections.


Table S2. Compiled postorbital horncore measurements of Centrosaurinae, non-Triceratopsini Chasmosaurinae, and Triceratopsini.


Table S3. Compiled humerus and tibia circumference mea surements of ceratopsids from Belly River Group and Judith River Formation (Campanian). Supplemental data 1. Data matrix used in phylogenetic analysis in this study (TNT file). Supplemental data 2. 3D data of a Medusaceratops parietal (ROM 73832, STL file). Supplemental data 3. 3D data of a Medusaceratops parietal (ROM 73837, STL file). Supplemental data 4. 3D data of a Medusaceratops postorbital (TMP 2002.069.0010, STL file). Supplemental data 5. 3D data of a Medusaceratops postorbital (ROM 73834, STL file). Supplemental data 6. 3D data of a Medusaceratops postorbital (ROM 73831, STL file). Supplemental data 7. 3D data of a Medusaceratops postorbital (WDC-DJR-003, STL file). Supplemental data 8. Thin section photograph of mid diaphy seal cross-section of a Medusaceratops tibia (ROM 67873) with plane polarized light (JPG file). Supplemental data 9. Thin section photograph of mid diaphy seal cross-section of a Medusaceratops tibia (ROM 67873) with cross polarized light (JPG file).


References


Brinkman, D.B., Russell, A.P., Eberth, D.A., and Peng, J., 2004, Vertebrate palaeocommunities of the lower Judith River Group (Campanian) of southeastern Alberta, Canada, as interpreted from vertebrate microfossil assemblages: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 213, p. 295–313.


Brown, B., 1914a, A complete skull of Monoclonius, from the Belly River Cretaceous of Alberta: Bulletin of American Museum of Natural History, v. 33, p. 549–558.


Brown, B., 1914b, Leptoceratops, a new genus of Ceratopsia from the Edmon- ton Cretaceous of Alberta: Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, v. 33, p. 567–580.


Brown, C.M., Russell, A.P., and Ryan, M.J., 2009, Pattern and transition of surficial bone texture of the centrosaurine frill and their ontogenetic and taxonomic implications: Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, v. 29, p. 132–141.


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Chiba, K., Ryan, M.J., Braman, D. R., Eberth, D.A., Scott, E.E., Brown, C.M., Kobayashi, Y., and Evans, D.C., 2015, Taphonomy of a monodominant Centrosaurus apertus (Dinosauria: Ceratopsia) bonebed from the upper Oldman Formation of southeastern Alberta: Palaios, v. 30, p. 655–667.


Cullen, T.M., Fanti, F., Capobianco, C., Ryan, M.J., and Evans, D.C., 2016, A vertebrate microsite from a marine-terrestrial transition in the Foremost Formation (Campanian) of Alberta, Canada, and the use of faunal assemblage data as a paleoenvironmental indicator: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 444, p. 101–114.


Currie, P.J., Langston, W., and Tanke, D.H., 2008, A New Horned Dinosaur From an Upper Cretaceous Bone Bed in Alberta: Ottawa, Ontario, NRC Research Press, 144 p.


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