Calede et al.—Ecomorphology of Leptarctus oregonensis
Pseudotrimylus (Maguire, 2013). In fact, we estimate that L. oregonensis might have been able to prey upon animals as large as 3.6 kg. Additionally, many mustelids can kill prey much larger than themselves (Meers, 2002, appendix). Nevertheless, studies of extant carnivores have shown that carnivorans the size of L. oregonensis tend to consume prey smaller than themselves and include a large portion of invertebrates in their diet (Carbone et al., 1999). Thus, L. oregonensis may have been primarily an invertivore that supplemented its diet with verte- brate prey and possibly some vegetation. The possible dietary shift through the evolution of leptarc-
tines from carnivory to omnivory suggested by L. oregonensis may be a response to the radiation of neomustelids in North America during the Miocene (Baskin, 1998; Sato et al., 2012). There is some evidence that modern musteloids (including the families Mustelidae, Procyonidae, and Mephitidae; Flynn et al., 2005) partition and compete for resources. For example, the omnivorous diet of Spilogale is in part a consequence of sympatry with the larger stripped skunk (Mephitis) and carnivorousweasels (Mustela) (Kinlaw, 1995). The diversification of carnivorous neomustelids during theMiocene in North Americamay have led to character displacement in the Leptarctinae and a shift towards more omnivorous diets. A proper test of this hypothesis awaits a broader study of the changes in diet within Leptarctinae in a phylogenetic context.
Acknowledgments
We thank S. Foss for bringing this specimen to our attention, J. Baskin, K. Cashman, R. Dorsey, S. Foss, T. Fremd, S. Hopkins, G. Wilson, and H. Wagner for discussions, M. Smith for preparing UOMNH F-35458, J. Orcutt for dis- cussions and specimen transportation, J. Samuels for help with measurements of UOMNH F-35458, S. Mc Leod and V. Rhue (LACM), P. Holroyd (UCMP), George Corner, Ross Secord, and Bob Hunt (UNSM), and R. O’Leary (AMNH) for access to collections, specimen photos, or locality information. S. Hopkins and G. Wilson provided space, input, and technical support. M. Turner made figure 6. N. Famoso facilitated the final stages of this study. B. Hunda, E. Scott, J. Baskin, K. Prassack, K. Smith, and anonymous reviewers made constructive suggestions that greatly improved the manuscript. JC was funded by the UO Department ofGeological SciencesEwartBaldwinAward and the University of Washington Department of Biology Chair’s Research Assistantship during part of this research.
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