Signorelli and Raven—Current knowledge of the family Cardiliidae
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Figure 3.
(1− 3) Cardilia inermis Deshayes, 1844, original illustrations; (4, 5) Cardilia martini Deshayes, 1844, original illustrations. Scale bar 5mm.
(previously known as Tjidadap Beds, late Miocene to early Pliocene, sensu Dr. O. Ludwig).
Remarks.—Although C. krawangensis superficially resembles C. palembangensis, it differs clearly in shape, having a more rounded posterior side and being considerably smaller. The escutcheon is broader and smooth. The number of ribs is higher and they do not reach the middle of the shell along the ventral side as in C. palembangensis.
Cardilia laeviuscula Sowerby in Dixon, 1850 Figure 5.5 −5.14
Type material.—Lectotype herein designated: NHMUK PI OR 73007b, the specimen figured in Dixon, 1850 (pl. 2, fig. 6a; three views); paralectotypes: three specimens NHMUK PI OR73007a from Bracklesham Bay, middle Eocene. Locality: Selsey, Bracklesham Bay, West Sussex, England. Lithostrati- graphy: Unit S10 (Curry et al., 1978), Selsey Formation, Bracklesham Group; confined to this horizon (J. Todd, personal communication, 2017). Age: late Lutetian, zone NP16, middle Eocene.
Remarks.—In this work, two species from the fossil record of England are considered valid. The first one is Cardilia laeviuscula described by Sowerby in Dixon, 1850 (p. 165, pl. 2, fig. 6a) from middle Eocene deposits exposed at Bracklesham Bay, West Sussex, UK. The second one is Cardilia edwardsi n. sp.
Cardilia ludwigi Oostingh, 1934 Figure 5.3, 5.4
Type material.—Not found, probably deposited at GMBI; height 9.5mm, width 7.8mmthickness 8.7mm. Two additional specimens registered from the same locality. The hard molds do not allow observation of the hinge. Purwakarta, Java province, Indonesia, Locality 1998, Cikao, Cidadap Formation (pre- viously known as Tjidadap Beds), late Miocene to early Pliocene, sensu Dr. O. Ludwig.
Remarks.—Cardilia ludwigi has a circular outline with finer radial ribs and narrower interspaces. Oostingh’s species, C. krawangensis, and C. ludwigi, came from one outcrop and thus have the same age and lived as sympatric species. Their age is very similar to that of C. bruneiana. The descriptions of these two species are based on Oostingh’s descriptions and drawings because the type material could not be accessed.
Cardilia martini Deshayes, 1844 Figures 3.4, 3.5, 4.5–4.13
Type material.—Not found. Malacca Strait, SE Asia.
Additional material examined.—Three valves, one broken, NHMUK 20160446. Measures of largest specimen: height 16mm, length 12mm.
Remarks.—Cardilia martini, described from the Malacca Strait has been recorded from the coast of China and the Philippines (Adams and Adams, 1853–1858; Sowerby, 1873; Paetel, 1883). It is the narrowest living species with stronger ribs (Huber, 2010). However, no modern records of this species were found in the literature.
Cardilia michelini (Deshayes in Michelin, 1825). Figure 5.15, 5.16
Type material.—MNHN A09474, one well-preserved syntype. La Chapelle-en-Serval, Oise, France, Sables de Beauchamp, Bartonian (Auversien), middle Eocene. Syntype measures: height 16mm, length 11mm.
Remarks.—Cardilia michelini was introduced by Deshayes in Michelin (1825) and illustrated on a lithographic plate with its respective explanation. Sensu Keen (1969), the evidence for valid publication by Michelin is inconclusive, however his contemporaries accepted it. Later, C. michelini was recorded as fossil in France by other authors (Deshayes, 1827; Deshayes and Milne Edwards, 1835; Fischer, 1861; Cossmann and Pissarro, 1906; Le Renard and Pacaud, 1995). It was additionally repor- ted from the Eocene of Gerona, Spain (Marcet I Riba, 1955).
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