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Journal of Paleontology 92(2):130–145 Cardilia michelottii Deshayes, 1844
Type material.—Not found. Type measures reported in the original description: height 23mm, length 18mm, width 20mm. Collected by M. Michelotti from Pliocene deposits of Asti, Piedmont, Italy.
Remarks.—Cardilia michelottii is a valid species subsequently registered by several authors from the Piacenzian, late Pliocene of Italy (Bronn, 1848; d´Orbigny, 1852; Manzoni, 1868; Pantanelli, 1892; Sacco, 1901).
Cardilia palembangensis Beets, 1944 Figure 6.1–6.12
Type material.—Originally deposited at Geological Museum, University of Utrecht, now RGM. Holotype RGM 822551, articulated specimen height 16.4mm, length 12.5mm, width 14.8mm; RGM.822549 paratype 1; RGM.1007835 Paratype 2 (single valve); RGM.1007836 a paratype, single valve (part of larger sample of paratypes with number RGM.1007836, contain- ing three articulated specimens and this single valve). Test pit Talang Abab, province South Sumatra, Indonesia; Air Benakat Formation, Lower PalembangMember; middle to lateMiocene.
Remarks.—Table 2 compares the five species from SE Asia. Of all the SE Asian fossil species, the largest number of specimens is available for C. palembangensis. Besides the four articulated specimens and two valves in the sample from the type locality, 15 articulated specimens were collected from the Pendopo oilfield, 10 miles E of Talang Akar, early to middle Miocene, border between lower and upper part of the Telisa Formation, sensu Huysse, 15 articulated specimens, RGM820.364 and one articulated specimen from the Kampong Tengah C/D outcrops, S. of Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia, Sibuti Formation, Langhian, middle Miocene (sample F41.23 in J.G.M. Raven’s collection). Because there are adult and juvenile specimens, the variation in this species is well understood (Table 3 gives measurements for a selection of these). Of the other species from this area, only specimens of Cardilia sundaica are available. Additional material will help both in the differentiation among the species and understanding their stratigraphic ranges.
Cardilia reeveana Hidalgo y Rodriguez, 1903
Type material.—Does not exist. The taxon is based on Sowerby´s illustration (in Reeve and Sowerby, 1843–1878, pl. 1, fig. 2) of Cardilia inermis (non Deshayes). Philippines.
Remarks.—Cardilia reeveana Hidalgo y Rodriguez, 1903, based on Sowerby´s illustration of C. inermis, seems to be unnecessary. Huber (2010) noted that Sowerby´s illustration was accepted by Lynge (1909) as belonging to the earlier described C. inermis, which expanded the distribution of that species previously given by Fischer (1861) from southern China and east Thailand, to also include the Philippines.
Cardilia sundaica Van Regteren Altena and Beets, 1945 Figure 6.13–6.15
Type material.—Holotype RGM 820549, single valve, height 15.2mm, length 11mm. Originally the type was stored at the Geological Institute, University of Amsterdam; it is now at RGM. Left bank Ci Gugur River, north of Koleberes plantation, SW of Bandung province, West Java, Indonesia; late Miocene.
Remarks.—Cardilia sundaica Van Regteren Altena and Beets, 1945 was recognized by its authors as an intermediate form between C. ludwigi and C. krawangensis. It has a narrower anterior surface (AO3) without shell sculpture, delimited pos- teriorly by radial ribs that are transversely wrinkled. The fur- rows and ridges are all approximately equal in width, but the ribs are narrower than the furrows. The lunule is significantly thinner than in C. krawangensis. The fine radial shell sculpture runs almost parallel to the ribs, but is much narrower.
Cardilia toyamaensis Tsuda, 1959 Figure 6.16
Type material.—Holotype, left valve JC1400026. Type mea- sures: height 11.7mm, length 9mm, thickness 5.5mm; three paratypes JC 1400027, JC140028, one right valve and two contact valves. Kurosedani Formation, late early Miocene. Toyama Prefecture on the new River County Daze, Japan.
Remarks.—The Japanese Cardilia toyamaensis appears to be common because it has been recorded from different Japanese Miocene outcrops (Okamoto and Terachi, 1974; Takayasu, 1981; Taguchi, 2002; Nakagawa, 2009, among others). This species differs from the recent C. semisulcata in its smaller shell without radial sculpture on the posterior area and in its smaller number of ribs.
Cardilia edwardsi new species Figure 7.1–7.5
Type material.—Holotype, NHMUK PI TB 14589 (1), length 5.4mm, height 5.6mm; paratype, one broken shell, length 7.3mm, height 7.6mm, NHMUK PI TB (2), both Dennis Curry collection.
Diagnosis.—Shell small, radial ribs crossed by fine concentric striation, disposed along the postero-dorsal axis from the umbo to the ventral edge, external surface areas poorly defined; on the anterior side of this line the external surface is reticulated over the umbonal area, and with fine and irregular growth lines along the ventral edge; posterior myophore well developed, trigonal with a circular posterior adductor muscle scar.
Occurrence.—Type locality: Barton–on–Sea, Hampshire, England. Lithostratigraphy: ‘Chama Bed’ (Bed H of Burton, 1933), Becton Formation, Barton Group. Age: late Bartonian, middle Eocene.
Description.—Shell small, fragile, subcircular, height up to 8mm; external surface with three areas; dorso–posterior, with irregular and small concentric striation from the posterior edge to the first ribs of the adjacent area; external area with radial and narrow ribs disposed along the postero-dorsal
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