Supplementary Information
28. Development Corridors
Planned development corridors can potentially impact the environment negatively, unless mitigation and protection measures are put into place.
Africa’s severe lack of
infrastructure is demonstrated by the low road access rate of 34 per cent compared with 50 per cent in other parts of the developing world, as well as transport costs that are comparatively higher by 100 per cent. About 30 percent of the population has access to electricity compared to 70–90 per cent in other parts of the developing world, while water resources are under-used with 4 per cent of water resources developed for water supply, irrigation and hydropower use (PIDA 2011). It is proposed that improving infrastructure will help African countries to grow economically and provide for their citizens, particularly those in sub-Saharan Africa who are currently among the least competitive in the world (PIDA 2011). The proposed infrastructure development programme articulates short- (2020), medium- (2030), and long-term (2040) priorities for meeting identified infrastructure gaps in transport, energy, transboundary water and internet and communication technologies (ICT) (PIDA 2011).
Laurance et al. (2015) identified 33 transport corridors in Africa, of which 10 were active in 2015. The corridors run through a variety of biomes, with the highest impacts on forests and savannah woodland, and will also have a major impact on existing protected areas as the 50 km wide band overlaying each corridor includes 2 168 protected areas, with roads and railways bisecting 408 protected areas (Laurance et al. 2015). The estimated potential for transportation improvements to increase agricultural production varied considerably between different corridors, with those in savannah areas having a higher potential than those in rainforest areas, and that there is little association between conservation potential of the land and its agricultural production potential, which suggests that there may only be limited direct trade-offs that need to be addressed in managing corridor development (Laurance et al. 2015).
29. The African Union Agenda 2063 Goals
1. High standard of living, quality of life and well-being for all citizens
2. Well-educated citizens and a skill revolution, underpinned by science, technology and innovation
3. Healthy and well-nourished citizens 4. Transformed economies 5. Modern agriculture for increased productivity and production
6. Blue (ocean) economy for economic growth 7. Environmentally sustainable and climate-resilient economies and communities
8. A united Africa (federal or confederate) 9. Continental financial and monetary institutions, established and functional
10. World-class infrastructure criss-crossing Africa 11. Democratic values, practices, universal principles of human rights, justice and the rule of law entrenched
12. Capable institutions and transformative leadership in place
13. Peace, security and stability is preserved 14. A stable and peaceful Africa 15. A functional and operational ASPA 16. African cultural renaissance is pre-eminent 17. Full gender equality in all spheres of life 18. Engaged and empowered youth and children 19. Africa as a major partner in global affairs and peaceful co-existence
20. Africa takes full responsibility for financing her development
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