Thousand tonnes of oil equivalent (KTOE)
Supplementary Information
Hydropower dams in Africa ¯ Morocco Algeria
Western Sahara
Mauritania Mali
Cape Verde
Senegal Guinea-Bissau Guinea
Sierra Leone
Liberia Cote d'Ivoire
Burkina Faso
Benin Togo Ghana Nigeria
Central African
Equatorial Guinea
Sao Tome and Principe Gabon Congo
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Cameroon Republic Abyei
South Sudan
Ilemi triangle Uganda
Rwanda Burundi
United
Republic of Tanzania
Angola Zambia Zimbabwe Mauritius Namibia Botswana Madagascar Swaziland
Hydropower as a percentage of total capacity Least Guinea Algeria Cameroon Most No data
Source: University of Birmingham, 2013
Note: The darker the shade of a country the greater its hydropower capacity; the size of the circle reflects the capacity of the dam. Dams are represented by
circles, the size of the circle reflecting the capacity of the dam. Source: Cole et al. 2014
Hydropower energy production, 1970–2010
10 000 7 500 5 000 2 500 0
South Africa
Lesotho Malawi Mozambique Comoros Kenya Seychelles
Intense upwelling in the southeast Atlantic and between the eastern coast of Africa and the Seychelles in 2015 resulted in colder-than-usual sea surface temperatures with higher levels of chlorophyll, creating optimal conditions for fish growth (MESA 2015). In the north Mozambique Channel and the Canary LME, low chlorophyll in the former and an unusually warm sea surface temperature in the latter, could have influenced biological productivity. In East Africa, an increasing sea surface temperature has the potential to cause substantial declines of productivity in coral reefs, with implications for fish production and the livelihoods of communities (Cinner et al. 2012). West Africa is expected to face a substantial reduction in marine fish production and fish protein supply by the 2050s (Lam et al. 2012), resulting in a 21 per cent drop in annual landed value, a 50 per cent decline in fisheries jobs and a total annual loss of USD 311 million to the regional economy. In South Africa, cooling rather than warming trends have been observed in offshore sea surface temperatures, with associated retraction of warm water species (Mead et al. 2013; Blamey et al. 2015).17.
17. Impact of sea surface temperture Niger Chad Sudan Djibouti Ethiopia Somalia Eritrea Libya Egypt
Hala'ib triangle
Tunisia
16. Extensive sedimentary rock aquifers in Libya, Algeria, Egypt and Sudan.
High rainfall regions may not always have huge groundwater reserves. For example, the Congo basin is ranked relatively lower than the northern African countries even though rainfall in the Congo basin is high. The Congo Basin does not feature highly in the groundwater storage because of the crystalline nature of the geology of the area.
1980
1990
Years Africa
Note: tonne of oil equivalent (toe) is equal to 11.8 megawatt hours Source: UNEP Live 2015
153
2000
2010
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