GEO-6 Regional Assessment for Africa


Education and awareness Formal education curricula, which inculcate the importance of environmental health, would contribute to policy effectiveness. In addition, this would produce a critical mass of professionals who would be well-placed to formulate and implement environmental policies. Parallel outreach campaigns to sensitize the populace, particularly


the


vulnerable groups, about the indirect and long-term effects of adverse environment-health linkages, would help to take adequate preventive measures to protect themselves.


Monitoring and evaluation


With the many environmental and health challenges that Africa still faces, the tendency is to develop and implement more policies and projects to address the continent’s concerns. However, there has not been a corresponding rise in assessments of policies and projects, resulting in a general lack of knowledge about their effectiveness. Assessments are an important tool that can provide answers to the important questions about whether policies and projects are working or have worked, whether they are cost-effective or not, how they can be improved, and what difference they


make in the broader context of sustainable development. The assessment of policies and projects will help balance societal needs for a policy measure against its final impacts on the environment and health and other broader societal objectives.


Establishing rigorous monitoring and evaluation systems with an emphasis on dissemination of lessons learned would help replicate and scale up what works and adjust what does not. Given that, environment and health are “both inextricably linked and cross-sectoral in nature” (UNEP 2013 – AEO3), it would be important to forge inter-institutional collaboration that fosters alignment, eliminates duplication and promotes synergies in order to achieve the intended policy outcomes.


Broader context Policies do not operate in a vacuum. Even the most innovative policies will need to be complemented by optimal wider systems in the political, legal, economic, educational and administrative spheres (Potter and Harries 2006), as is illustrated in Figure 2.5.4.


Figure 2.5.4: Broader context which determines policy effectiveness General security context


Public administration/Civil service policies Educational context


environment Political context Legal


Treasury/ financial rules


Environmental health policy Level of political interference


Commercial context Socioeconomic and macroeconomic context Source: Largely adapted from Bocij et al. 2006


Governance arrangements


Technical context


Socialcultural context


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