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July, 2016
Wearables for Health: Hybrid Electronics with Medical Sensors
By Agnieszka Kurylo, Dr. -Ing., Thomas Knieling, and Lars Blohm, Fraunhofer Institute for Silicon Technology I
n an effort to meet the growing demand for hybrid electronics production, a team at the Fraunhofer Institute for Silicon Technology in
Germany has been developing prototypes of hybrid electronics systems. The focus is on the combina- tion of both silicon and flexible electronics manu- facturing processes needed to create bendable and stretchable circuits. Wearable electronics, which are growing more
popular in the areas of life science, sports and med- icine, call for hybrid electronics that enable wear- able devices that are convenient and hardly notice- able. These systems have flexible substrates, but also contain rigid, not-yet-printable parts, such as logic and storage ICs. A large aging population has created a sky-
rocketing demand for medical devices in countries like Germany. At the same time, the number of workers in medical care is steadily declining. The team at Fraunhofer believes that wearables offer a valuable solution, since they can provide real-time measurement and memory of patients’ vital signs,
A large aging population has created a skyrocketing demand for
medical devices in countries like Germany. At the same time, the
number of workers in medical care is steadily declining.
such as pulse or various enzyme levels in the blood. There are enormous advantages here as the electronics decrease the need for sending samples
to a lab, or for in-person checkups, and in some cases completely eliminate it. Using inkjet and screen printing technolo-
such as LEDs, resistors, capacitors, and ICs can be mounted on conductive pads using isotropic and anisotropic adhesives. For many years, Fraunhofer has successfully
developed silicon-based, amperometric biosensors for uses that include lactate and glucose monitor- ing in body fluids. The next step is to switch over to flexible biosensor systems for special applica- tions, first by mounting discrete silicon biosensors on the flexible tracks, creating “rigid islands,” and then followed by producing flexible biosensors. Currently, the institute creates three main types of chips: microsystems for on-chip chromatogra- phy, electrical biochip arrays, and continuous enzyme sensors for lactate or glucose monitoring.
Liquid Chromatography Chips for liquid chromatography detect ana-
IC mounted on PDMS (silicone) with conductive printed pads and lines.
gies, conductive tracks and structures are printed on various substrates such as PET/PEN foil, stretchable PDMS, flexible glass, paper, and many others. Printing conductive structures on textiles has already been shown to work and there seems to be no limit to the kinds of substrates that can be used. Many types of inks can be used as well, from silver-, nickel-, copper- and carbon-based inks, to gold-based ink and various dielectric materials. The material can also be used to print special
flexible sensor layouts. Capacitive pressure sen- sors have been built into the insoles of shoes to measure and analyze gait. Discrete components,
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lytes by separation column and amperometry — the measurement of current across an oxidized electrode’s surface. The porous separation column is manufactured during the semiconductor process. The rigid setup is mounted in a cartridge for easy handling as well as electrical and fluidic connection of the chip. This kind of sensor can be used for antibiotics, drugs, explosives, peptides, and food ingredient detection. The electrical biochip with microarray
enables fast, parallel detection of different ana- lytes within one probe and during one measure- ment. The technology is based on sandwich-ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) on gold electrode arrays. Detection takes place by using single electrode redox cycling. In its cartridge, the chip can be placed inside a dedicated device where
Continued on page 64
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