Module 8 Introduction
Te last module in the NCV2 textbook was called Language Desk. It covered all the language and grammar structures prescribed under Language and Communication in Practice. We have decided to include another Language Desk module in this book to explain the language and grammar structures that you have to study for NCV3. Te topics are arranged in alphabetical order to make it easy for you. Tere are many activities. Do them all. Tey will help you improve your English.
1. Active and passive voice Before we discuss active and passive voice, we’ll look at word order in English.
40
Word order (revision) What is a full sentence? A full sentence has a SUBJECT and a VERB. A noun or pronoun (naming word) is in the subject. Te subject is the doer of the action. Te verb (doing word) shows the action. Aſter the verb you may find an OBJECT. Te object is also a noun or pronoun. A full sentence should therefore have a Subject, a Verb and, perhaps, an Object.
English is an SV(O) language: subject, verb, object S V
O Te secretary wrote the minutes. S V She wrote accurately.
Voice is the form of the verb which shows whether the subject does something, or has something done to it.
A verb is in the active voice when the subject of the sentence does something, e.g. Te manager conducted the interview. Te manager is the subject, conducted is the verb and the interview is the object.
A verb is in the passive voice when the subject of the sentence has something done to it by another person, place or thing, e.g. Te interview was conducted by the manager.
What was the object in the active voice sentence becomes the subject in the passive voice sentence, e.g. Te interview was conducted by the manager.
Active voice: Te dog bit the boy.
Passive voice: Te boy was bitten by the dog. How to form the passive voice
Use a form of the verb to be: is/am; was/were; will be depends on the tense in the sentence, e.g. was
+ past participle + verb + -ed/irregular list, e.g. bitten
+ by and person/thing who did the action by the dog
130
FutureManagers
Page 1 |
Page 2 |
Page 3 |
Page 4 |
Page 5 |
Page 6 |
Page 7 |
Page 8 |
Page 9 |
Page 10 |
Page 11 |
Page 12 |
Page 13 |
Page 14 |
Page 15 |
Page 16 |
Page 17 |
Page 18 |
Page 19 |
Page 20 |
Page 21 |
Page 22 |
Page 23 |
Page 24 |
Page 25 |
Page 26 |
Page 27 |
Page 28 |
Page 29 |
Page 30 |
Page 31 |
Page 32 |
Page 33 |
Page 34 |
Page 35 |
Page 36 |
Page 37 |
Page 38 |
Page 39 |
Page 40 |
Page 41 |
Page 42 |
Page 43 |
Page 44 |
Page 45 |
Page 46 |
Page 47 |
Page 48 |
Page 49 |
Page 50 |
Page 51 |
Page 52 |
Page 53 |
Page 54 |
Page 55 |
Page 56 |
Page 57 |
Page 58 |
Page 59 |
Page 60 |
Page 61 |
Page 62 |
Page 63 |
Page 64 |
Page 65 |
Page 66 |
Page 67 |
Page 68 |
Page 69 |
Page 70 |
Page 71 |
Page 72 |
Page 73 |
Page 74 |
Page 75 |
Page 76 |
Page 77 |
Page 78 |
Page 79 |
Page 80 |
Page 81 |
Page 82 |
Page 83 |
Page 84 |
Page 85 |
Page 86 |
Page 87 |
Page 88 |
Page 89 |
Page 90 |
Page 91 |
Page 92 |
Page 93 |
Page 94 |
Page 95 |
Page 96 |
Page 97 |
Page 98 |
Page 99 |
Page 100 |
Page 101 |
Page 102 |
Page 103 |
Page 104 |
Page 105 |
Page 106 |
Page 107 |
Page 108 |
Page 109 |
Page 110 |
Page 111 |
Page 112 |
Page 113 |
Page 114 |
Page 115 |
Page 116 |
Page 117 |
Page 118 |
Page 119 |
Page 120 |
Page 121 |
Page 122 |
Page 123 |
Page 124 |
Page 125 |
Page 126 |
Page 127 |
Page 128 |
Page 129 |
Page 130 |
Page 131 |
Page 132 |
Page 133 |
Page 134 |
Page 135 |
Page 136 |
Page 137 |
Page 138 |
Page 139 |
Page 140 |
Page 141 |
Page 142 |
Page 143 |
Page 144 |
Page 145 |
Page 146 |
Page 147 |
Page 148 |
Page 149 |
Page 150 |
Page 151 |
Page 152 |
Page 153 |
Page 154 |
Page 155 |
Page 156 |
Page 157 |
Page 158 |
Page 159 |
Page 160 |
Page 161 |
Page 162 |
Page 163 |
Page 164 |
Page 165 |
Page 166 |
Page 167 |
Page 168 |
Page 169 |
Page 170 |
Page 171 |
Page 172 |
Page 173 |
Page 174 |
Page 175 |
Page 176 |
Page 177 |
Page 178 |
Page 179 |
Page 180 |
Page 181 |
Page 182 |
Page 183 |
Page 184 |
Page 185 |
Page 186