3C Appropriate turn-taking 1 3.7 Listen to three conversations about rules and answer the questions.


a What are the three topics being discussed? b In Conversation 1, what is the first speaker’s main point? c In Conversation 2, do the two speakers agree with each other?


d In Conversation 3, do we know what the third speaker’s main point is?


4 2


In pairs. Student A: think of reasons to agree with the three statements below. Student B: think of reasons to disagree with the statements. Make notes.


a Children need a lot of rules at school. b The best bosses don’t tell their employees how to do their jobs. c The more laws a country has, the better its people behave.


3


Follow the instructions in the diagram to discuss each statement. Use expressions from the Focus box to interrupt and keep your turn. Then swap roles.


Student A Start talking. But allow your partner to interrupt.


Student B Interrupt and start your turn. Then allow your partner to interrupt.


Student A Interrupt and take your turn back. Don’t allow your partner to interrupt!


Student B Try to interrupt your partner. FOCUS Pronunciation 3.8 Listen to five sentences from


the conversations in 1 and underline the words that are stressed. a Sorry, do you mean by their teachers? b Yes, I know what you mean. c Can I stop you there? d I’d just like to make a point here. e I’m nearly finished.


4


In small groups, think about rules and support in your own life. What rules are/were enforced by the agents below? What support do/did they give you? Discuss each agent in groups, giving examples and using expressions from the Focus box.


government parents school university work English for the 21st Century • Unit 3 49 FOCUS Expression Appropriate turn-taking


Appropriate turn-taking is a vital skill in communication. Sometimes we need to:


• check we understand the speaker • interrupt another person’s turn • keep our turn.


Interruptions can be cooperative or intrusive. Cooperative interruptions can be used to agree with the other speaker or to help them. Intrusive interruptions are used to disagree or change the subject.


Checking what the speaker says Sorry, do you mean …? You mean like …? Are you saying that …?


Cooperative interruptions Yes, I know what you mean. Me, too. I … Exactly.


Intrusive interruptions Can I stop you there? OK. I’d just like to make a point here. Sorry to interrupt, but …


Keeping your turn I’m nearly finished … Just one more thing … I know what you’re going to say, but …


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