3B 5


3.4 Listen to the next part of the lecture and complete the table. Do you agree with the lecturer? Can you add any more points?


Rural benefits Rural drawbacks Urban benefits Urban drawbacks


6 [ 3.5 Listen and complete the sentences from the lecture. a Some people


rural areas


manual jobs, for example, in the building trade.


b On a practical level, there is more business, and consequently more jobs c But how


d With so many people leaving the countryside, the workforce e … traditionally, in rural areas, the more physical jobs f This money


in the rural communities. FOCUS Passives We use the active form of the verb to focus attention on the subject.


Examples My brother bought a car last week. Jane passed her exam.


We use the passive form of the verb to focus on the person or thing that is the object of the action. We form the passive with be + past participle. We use the passive when the subject is:


• unimportant The president was driven to the airport this morning. (We don’t need to know who the driver was.) • obvious • unknown


You’re going to be arrested. (Only the police arrest people.) The house was burgled last week. (We don’t know who committed the burglary.)


We use by to say who performed the action. Example My car is being fixed by my neighbour. Find more examples of the passive in the transcript for track 3.4. Why do we use the passive in these examples?


7 Complete the sentences using the correct form of the verbs in brackets. a More money


(will / invest) in rural communities.


b Recently, more police c Clean water


d All children in the city e Everyone effects of pollution. f


In the future, new schools in small towns and villages.


(be / build) (be / send) to the problem areas of cities.


(should / provide) to the residents of the slums. (can / give)


FOCUS injections to protect them from diseases. (should / educate) about the


group which has a different o sound. a job


cost b town provide c money everyone police English for the 21st Century • Unit 3 45


3.6 Listen. Underline the word in each know


pollution Pronunciation Grammar . by urbanization? . by these young men.


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