Transcripts
can be stored in the long-term memory. In other words, the capacity is infinite. When a memory is needed at a later time, it can then be retrieved from the long-term memory and into the working memory.
6.3 a How do you remember the number of days in each month? Well, you could try looking at your hands! Make two fists and start to count the months of the year on your knuckles from the left and the spaces between. In this way, each knuckle is a month with 31 days, and each space is a month with 30 days. Or 28 or 29 in the case of February.
b The number pi is the ratio of a circle’s circumference to its diameter and it is very useful for mathematicians. However, because the number is extremely long, people use mnemonics to remember as much of the number as possible. One way is to think of a sentence and use the number of letters in each word to represent the numbers in pi. The first eight numbers in pi are 3.1415926. So we can use the sentence ‘May I have a large container of coffee?’. ‘May’ is three letters, ‘I’ is one letter, ‘have’ is four letters, and so on.
c The relationship between spelling and pronunciation in English is not at all simple. Sometimes mnemonics can help. For example, the phrase ‘when two vowels go walking, the first does the talking’ means the sound of a word is similar to the first vowel in that word. So ‘meat’ sounds like ‘e’, ‘brain’ sounds like ‘a’, and so on. But of course, there are exceptions.
d The order of the colours of the rainbow are not easy to remember and that’s why there are lots of mnemonics to help us. ‘Richard of York gave battle in vain’ is just one example where the first letter of each word is the same as the first letter of the colour. So, Richard – red, of – orange, York – yellow, gave – green, battle – blue, in – indigo, vain – violet.
6.4 a coat, load, approach, board b rain, paint, failure, said c mean, ceiling, height, clean
6.5 a There is a type of barnacle here in Northern Spain and they are called ‘percebes’. The barnacles stick to the side of the rock. You can eat them and they are very popular in restaurants around Europe. I was collecting them yesterday. It’s dangerous work, but I can make good money.
b I have to get the train to and from work, it’s really busy. I don’t enjoy it, but it’s the best way to get to work.
c I graduated from university last week. Studying for my degree has been hard work. My graduation ceremony was a really proud moment for me. I feel amazing!
d I’m afraid of heights, but I dived in the water anyway. All my friends were doing it and I didn’t want to be the only one who didn’t!
200 English for the 21st Century • Transcripts Unit 7
7.1 a Blue is the most popular colour for corporate logos. As a colour, blue creates a feeling of trust in a company. It suggests security, too. In other words, it tells you a company is established and safe, and hopefully won’t take too many risks. Linked to this, blue is the colour of honesty. You’ll find blue used a lot in the logos of banks, financial institutions and software companies like IBM. For businesses like these, it’s important to be seen as honest and trustworthy.
b Red is the next most common colour in corporate logos. Red is seen as the colour of energy. It’s certainly a good colour if you want to catch people’s attention. In logo design, red also represents excitement and passion. A company that uses red in its logo and advertising material probably wants to be seen as a company with exciting products, strong beliefs and the energy to succeed.
c In business, black is the third most popular colour for company logos. Black is associated with elegance and sophistication, so we see it a lot in the logos of expensive fashion companies like Gucci, or sports companies like Adidas. In logos, black is also the colour of power. Perhaps that’s why so many global giants choose to include black or a shade of black in their logos.
7.2 a playful
b trustworthy c secure d vital
e responsible f sophisticated
playfulness
trustworthiness security vitality
responsibility sophistication
7.3 1 Interviewer So what qualities do you look for when you’re recruiting graphic designers?
Paul
Well, first of all, we look for people who are very artistic. They also need to have a good awareness of colour and shape, and an understanding of fonts. Another quality which is really important is creativity. In our industry, we need designers who have original ideas. Finally, we need people that can communicate well. A graphic designer needs to be able to communicate their ideas to their colleagues and also to clients.
2 Interviewer What kind of people make good engineers? Andy
A good engineer is someone who can visualize things in 3D. It’s a really important skill if you want to work in engineering – some people have it and others don’t. When we’re recruiting young engineers, we also look for people who are good at problem-solving and have an analytical mind. Another skill that all engineers need
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