Transcripts
financially, when these workers return to their villages they often bring with them new knowledge and skills that can be used to benefit the local area.
3.5 a Some people are offered manual jobs, for example, in the building trade.
b On a practical level, there is more business, and consequently more jobs are created.
c But how are rural areas affected by urbanization? d With so many people leaving the countryside, the workforce can be severely reduced.
e … traditionally, in rural areas, the more physical jobs were carried out by these young men.
f This money will be spent in the rural communities.
3.6 a job
b town c money know provide everyone cost
pollution police
3.7 Conversation 1 A The problem we have at this university is that our students are not independent. They are given too much support.
B Sorry, do you mean by their teachers? A Yes, by their teachers, by their parents, by everyone. They aren’t ready to take responsibility for themselves. We need fewer rules and more opportunities for students to make their own decisions.
Conversation 2 A What’s the matter, Jan? B I’m just reading the staff handbook. This company has a lot of rules.
A You mean like dress codes, and so on? B Exactly. There’s a rule for everything – shoes, ties, haircuts. A Yes, I know what you mean.
Conversation 3 A The employees of our banks are intelligent people – they’re experts in their field. We have to trust them to make the right decision and they can’t do that without …
B Can I stop you there? We’ve trusted them in the past and they’ve made huge mistakes, but …
A … and that’s exactly why we need to have plenty of rules in place. That’s why …
C OK. I’d just like to make a point here. We all … A I’m nearly finished … The government really needs to change the current regulations.
3.8 a Sorry, do you mean by their teachers? b Yes, I know what you mean. c Can I stop you there? d I’d just like to make a point here. e I’m nearly finished.
4.2 First, the father crosses the road with Ben. Then he comes back alone. Then he crosses the road with Anna. But he comes back with Ben. Then he crosses the road with Clare and leaves her with Anna. He then comes back alone. Finally, he crosses the road with Ben.
4.3 The answer is that the aeroplane is not flying. It’s on the ground and it’s not moving. The man slips as he is getting out of the plane and bumps his arm on the runway.
4.4 So first of all, the person doing the puzzles needs to work out what kind of puzzle it is. Some puzzles are logical-thinking puzzles and they can be done systematically. So, for example, the father who needs to cross the road puzzle. You need to think about the possibilities one by one. If the father takes Anna first, we know that Ben will bully Clare, so this is not an option. We eliminate this possibility. And so on. We also need to think creatively. The trick in this puzzle is that the father needs to bring Ben back, which is not what we normally do. So we need a completely open mind and to avoid making any assumptions. The second puzzle is what we call a lateral-thinking puzzle and we have to take a different approach to this compared to a logic puzzle. When we hear the word ‘aeroplane’, our mind immediately visualizes something flying, something in the sky. Lateral-thinking puzzles take advantage of this automatic reaction. The trick to solving lateral-thinking puzzles is to question everything that we normally take for granted. It’s an aeroplane, but is it necessarily in the sky? There is also an element of logic. If the man is not seriously injured, he could not have fallen from an aeroplane that was actually flying. If you combine lateral thinking with this logical element, then you will have a good chance of solving the puzzle. This is the secret to becoming a great puzzle-solver.
4.5 The farmer’s daughter took a stone from the bag but immediately dropped it onto the beach before anyone could see what colour it was. Remember, the beach was covered in
English for the 21st Century • Transcripts 197 Unit 4
4.1 A similar sort of company imports bags to the UK by plane. The company found that it was possible to use buses and boats instead. As well as cutting carbon emissions, it actually saves the company over $30,000 a year in transport costs. In fact, it costs the company $2 per kilogram by boat compared to $9 per kilogram by air. The bags are loaded onto a bus in Cambodia and driven to Vietnam, where there are better shipping facilities. And from there they are put onto a boat and shipped across to the UK. The journey takes 40 days instead of just two days by air, but the company has not found the delay to be too problematic.
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