8A


Is it wrong to digitally edit photos?


D


igital editing has become a routine practice in photography. Ita


has been part of photography since the beginning. Software


available today allows amateur and professional photographers to alter images in a variety of ways. Theseb


include correcting background lighting,


removing unwanted details, and changing the way people look. Photoshop is the most used image editing software and is considered an industry standard.


Editing photos isn’t new. One of the earliest examples of photo manipulation is a portrait of Abraham Lincoln from the 1860s. Itc


is actually


a photo of President Lincoln’s head on the body of Senator John C. Calhoun. Unlike today, photographers 150 years ago only had very basic technology. Photos were altered by hand, using paint, ink and scissors.


Over the past 30 years, there have been many controversial cases of digital manipulation. The first oned


of note was the infamous pyramid cover


on a National Geographic magazine in 1982. The magazine had a horizontal photo of the Pyramids of Giza in Egypt but wanted to put it on a vertical cover. So the photo was altered by moving the pyramids closer together, creating a visual ‘lie’. The resulting negative publicity damaged the magazine’s credibility. Thise


Sometimes, editing a photo creates a controversial narrative. In June 1994, a photograph of the famous black American footballer O. J. Simpson appeared on the cover of Time magazine soon after his arrest for murder. The photograph caused a scandal. Critics accused the magazine of changing Simpson’s skin so it looked darker. Theyf


claimed


the magazine wanted to link Simpson's race to his crimes. The magazine quickly withdrew the image from the cover and replaced it with the original unaltered photograph.


The fashion industry has also been criticized for its heavy use of digital manipulation. Many images in fashion adverts and magazines have been digitally altered to achieve the ideal body shape or to create impossibly smooth skin. One criticism of this type of digital editing is that it creates impossible standards of beauty. Many celebrities are unhappy about the extent of photo manipulation including actress Kate Winslet. In 2003, sheg


became the was the first of a long list


of misleading images that serious news magazines and papers have continued to publish over the years.


5


first to take action against a magazine for digitally altering her body to make it unrealistically thin without her permission.


Read the article in 4 again. What do the highlighted words refer to?


Example One criticism of this type of digital editing is that it creates impossible standards of beauty. ‘This’ refers to editing imperfections from models and celebrities.


a It e This


b These f They


c It g she English for the 21st Century • Unit 8 111 d one FOCUS Reference words


Writers use reference words like it, one, they, he, she, this, that, these and those.


They help create coherence and avoid repetition in a text.


Grammar


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