17


BeFoRe YoU ReAd... DiScOvErInG HiStOrY


ImPoRtAnT TeRmS To KnOw: ChApTeR 17 Superpower Cold War Ideology Iron Curtain Truman Doctrine Containment Marshall Aid Blockade Totalitarian dictatorship Operation Vittles Arms race Glasnost Perestroika


Organisation for European Economic Cooperation


European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC)


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The term given to both the USA and the USSR after World War II due to their strong economic and military power.


The conflict between the USA and the USSR from 1945 to 1989. While there was no direct conflict or war between the two superpowers, they competed economically, politically and militarily.


A set of beliefs about how society should be organised, e.g. communism, capitalism.


The phrase used by Winston Churchill to describe the divide in Europe between communist and capitalist countries.


The policy of the USA to stop the spread of communism throughout the world by offering financial and military aid to countries under threat of a communist takeover.


Term used for the policy of the American government to stop the spread of communism around the world.


Money offered to all European countries by the USA to help rebuild their economies post-World War II.


Surrounding a location with military forces to prevent any entry or exit.


Where the state or government has complete control over the citizens and individual expression is suppressed.


The codename given to America’s airlift of essential supplies to the population of West Berlin in defiance of the Soviet blockade of the city in 1948.


The competition between the USA and the USSR to build more and better weapons than each other.


Russian word for ‘openness’. The term given to the policy of increased political freedom in the USSR begun by Gorbachev.


Russian word for ‘restructuring’. Part of the economic reforms of Soviet leader Gorbachev.


An organisation set up to distribute Marshall Aid. An organisation set up in 1952 with six members. It eventually became the EU.


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