Fig 7.6 Illustration of the Basilica and Piazza of St. Peter.
The Archbishop of Mainz sent a Dominican friar named John Tetzel to sell indulgences across Saxony. Half the money collected would go to the Archbishop to repay his debts and the other half would go towards the rebuilding of St. Peter’s. John Tetzel told the people in Saxony that the souls of their relatives or their own souls would go straight to heaven if they bought indulgences from him. In fact, the more money they gave, the quicker the soul would gain salvation.
Luther did not like the idea that a person’s soul could be saved simply by paying money and without any faith in God. He also believed the sale of indulgences was unfair because poor people could not afford to pay large amounts of money for these indulgences. He was angry that ordinary people were being frightened into handing over money (a) to pay off the debts of a man who was already very wealthy and guilty of simony and (b) to fund a building in Rome.
Luther wrote a list in Latin of his objections to this selling of indulgences and nailed these 95 theses (statements of opinion for consideration) on the church door of Wittenberg Castle in 1517. He hoped that this notice on the door would spark debate among other scholars.
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Linking History
Parts of St Peter's Basilica were designed by Michelangelo. See Ch 4, The Renaissance, page 125