Henry VIII is excommunicated (excluded from the Catholic Church).
1530
Augsburg Confession outlines Luther’s beliefs.
John Calvin publishes Institutes of the Christian Religion.
Calvin establishes Geneva as a ‘City of God’.
1546
Luther dies at Eisleben in Germany.
1555 Peace of Augsburg provides equal rights to Lutherans in the Holy Roman Empire.
1525 1529
Ottoman siege of Vienna.
1530 1534
Ignatius de Loyola founds the Society of Jesus (Jesuits); Henry VIII declares himself to be head of the Church of England.
1535 1540 1543
Copernicus publishes his theory that the sun, not the earth, is the centre of the universe.
1545 1545 – 63
Catholic Church meets to reform and clarify its doctrine (beliefs) at the Council of Trent.
1558
Elizabeth I becomes Queen of England.
1550 1555 1560
3
In 2013, the Lutheran Church had
72,268,329 members. Bolivia had the smallest congregation with 150 members, and Sweden the biggest with 6.5 million.
CONSIDER THIS When you have completed this chapter, discuss the following points with your partner, in small groups or as a class:
1. Consider the impact that religion had on the populations of Europe in the sixteenth century. 2. Identify how the events or decisions in one location affected the lives of those living very far away. 3. Reflect on whether or not the changes in the Church made any difference to the ordinary people.
4. Do you think that the changes that occurred in the sixteenth century have any relevance in our world today? My Portfolio See Sources & Activity Book pages 82 – 92 for linked activities.