11 Vaccination


Norfolk crop rotation system


Selective breeding


Seed drill


Mechanical reaper


Loom Mill


Coke


Puddling and rolling


Slum Collier


DiScOvErInG HiStOrY


BeFoRe YoU ReAd... ImPoRtAnT TeRmS To KnOw: ChApTeR 11


The process of injecting people with a small dose of a mild virus to prevent the development of a stronger, maybe lethal virus.


A system in which the farmer rotates his crops between four fields. The first field could have wheat, the second oats or barley, the third turnip and the fourth clover and grass.


A process of picking only the best, biggest and healthiest of animals to breed in order to produce the best offspring.


A machine invented by Jethro Tull that placed the seed into the ground and covered it with soil to ensure the seeds were distributed evenly and protected from birds.


Cyrus McCormick’s invention that harvested in a faster and more efficient way than harvesting by hand.


Hand-powered or automatic machine on which yarn was woven into cloth. A factory in which cloth was made using water or steam-powered machines. Baked coal used to produce iron. Method of making purer iron.


An overcrowded run-down area of a town where poor people live. Worker in a mine who digs out coal from the rock.


Trade unions Organisations of people from the same occupation that seek better conditions for their members. Cooperative


Capitalism Socialism


System of business in which the people who use the service also own and manage it. An economic system in which wealth is created and owned by private individuals. An economic system in which wealth is created and owned by the workers.


Communism An economic system in which the ownership of land and the creation of wealth is organised by the state.


Nationalism A belief that the needs and interests of your own country (or ‘nation’) are of greater importance than any other’s, and a strong desire to be politically independent of any other country.


Imperialism A policy of expanding empires even when this affects the interests of other countries.


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