Primate conservation in the Arc of Deforestation: a case study of Vieira's titi monkey Plecturocebus vieirai RODRIGO COS T A-ARA ÚJO,LUCAS GO N ÇALVES DA S IL VA
FABIANO RODRIGUES D E MEL O,ROGÉRIO VIEI R A ROS SI ,JOÃO P ED R O BOT T A N
DIEGO AFONS O S IL VA,FABIO OLI VEI RA DO NAS CIMENTO,FELIPE P ESS O A D A S IL VA GERS O N BUSS,LUAN GABRIEL L IMA -S IL VA,LUCIANO F ERREIRA D A S IL VA
MARCO S F IALHO,PATRICK RIC A RDO DE L ÁZ ARI,RAF AEL SUERTEGARAY RO SSATO RAFAELA L UMI VENDRAMEL,RAVEN A F ERN ANDA BRAGA DE MENDONÇA RICARDO SAMPAIO,TOMAS HRBEK,RAON Y MAC E D O D E ALENCAR J OS É D E S OUS A E S IL VA JUNIOR and GUSTA V O RODRIGUES CANALE
Abstract Fifty years of deforestation in the Arc of Deforestation have put at risk species survival, ecosystem services and the stability of biogeochemical cycles in Amazonia, with global repercussions. In response, we need to understand the diversity, distribution and abun- dance of flagship species groups, such as primates, which can serve as umbrella species for broad biodiversity conser- vation strategies and help mitigate climate change. Here we identify the range, suitable habitat areas and population size of Vieira’s titi monkey Plecturocebus vieirai and use it as an emblematic example to discuss biodiversity
RODRIGO COSTA-ARAÚJO (Corresponding author,
orcid.org/0000-0002-6092-
4892,
rcostaaraujo@dpz.eu) Primate Genetics Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Kellnerweg 4, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
LUCASGONÇALVES DA SILVA (
orcid.org/0000-0002-7993-9015) Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
FABIANO RODRIGUES DE MELO Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
ROGÉRIO VIEIRA ROSSI,LUAN GABRIEL LIMA-SILVA and RAVENA FERNANDA BRAGA DE MENDONÇA Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Brazil
JOÃO PEDRO BOTTAN,GUSTAVO RODRIGUES CANALE,LUCIANO FERREIRA DA SILVA and PATRICK RICARDO DE LÁZARI Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Sinop, Brazil
DIEGO AFONSO SILVA and RAONYMACEDO DE ALENCAR Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Nova Xavantina, Brazil FABIO OLIVEIRA DO NASCIMENTO (
orcid.org/0000-0003-0557-7581) and RAFAELA LUMI VENDRAMEL ( Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
GERSON BUSS,MARCOS FIALHO,RAFAEL SUERTEGARAY ROSSATO and RICARDO SAMPAIO Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade, João Pessoa, Brazil
TOMAS HRBEK*(
orcid.org/0000-0003-3239-7068) Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
JOSÉ DE SOUSA E SILVA JUNIOR Coleção Mastozoológica, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Belém, Pará, Brazil *Also at: Trinity University, San Antonio, USA
Received 8 December 2020. Revision requested 1 April 2021. Accepted 18 November 2021. First published online 15 September 2022.
orcid.org/0000-0003-3333-6160) Museu de
Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil FELIPE PESSOA DA SILVA (
orcid.org/0000-0003-1411-1249) Universidade Introduction
5.3 million km2 across nine South American countries and provides life-supporting resources such as food, water and medicines, regulates weather and rainfall, and stores carbon (Fearnside, 2003, 2017; Soares-Filho et al., 2006; Malhi et al., 2008; Hubau et al., 2020; Harris et al., 2021). Nonetheless, 5 decades of continuous and unregulated
A
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Oryx, 2022, 56(6), 837–845 © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Fauna & Flora International doi:10.1017/S003060532100171X
mazonia, the largest tropical forest, is paramount as a functioning ecosystem for human welfare. It covers
conservation and climate change mitigation in one of the largest deforestation frontiers. Our findings show that deforestation for agriculture and cattle-ranching expansion is the major threat to P. vieirai and is responsible for present (56%) and projected (14%) reductions in habitat area and population size. We also found that human-driven climate change affects the P. vieirai niche negatively, triggering habitat degradation and further population decline even inside protected areas. Primate watching can be a profitable alternative to forest exploitation on private, public or Indigenous lands in the Arc of Deforestation and is a way to shift the traditional, predatory extraction of natural resources from Amazonia towards sustainable land use based on biodiversity conservation at local, regional and glo- bal scales, local people’s welfare and climate change mitiga- tion. New models of land use and income generation are required to protect the unique natural and human heritages of the Arc of Deforestation and the life-supporting eco- system services and products provided by Amazonia.
Keywords Amazonia, cattle ranching, climate change, Critically Endangered, Data Deficient, deforestation, Plecturocebus vieirai, primate watching
Supplementary material for this article is available at
doi.org/10.1017/S003060532100171X
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