Impacts of human activity on mammals 951
TABLE 1 Mammal species identified by camera trapping in the community forest and adjacent habitat surrounding the study village in the buffer zone of the Dja Biosphere Reserve in Cameroon (Fig. 1), with their Red List status (IUCN, 2021), trophic guild, body size, and naïve occupancy (the latter calculated as the number of cameras where the species was found divided by the total number of cameras).
Species
Carnivores African palm civet Nandinia binotata Servaline genet Genetta servalina
Black-legged mongoose Bdeogale nigripes Long-snouted mongoose Herpestes naso Marsh mongoose Atilax paludinosus
Flat-headed cusimanse Crossarchus platycephalus
Pangolins Tree pangolin Phataginus tricuspis
Ungulates Blue duiker Philantomba monticola Bay duiker Cephalophus dorsalis
Yellow-backed duiker Cephalophus silvicultor Peter’s duiker Cephalophus callipygus Bates’ pygmy antelope Neotragus batesi Red river hog Potamochoerus porcus
Primates Gorilla Gorilla gorilla gorilla
Chimpanzee Pan troglodytes troglodytes Putty-nosed monkey Cercopithecus nictitans Moustached guenon Cercopithecus cephus Agile mangabey Cercocebus agilis Rodents
Brush-tailed porcupine Atherurus africanus Giant pouched rat Cricetomys emini African giant squirrel Protoxerus stangeri Fire-footed rope squirrel Funisciurus pyrropus Lady Burton’s rope squirrel Funisciurus isabella
Red List status1
LC LC LC LC LC LC
EN LC
NT NT LC LC LC
CR EN NT LC LC
LC LC LC LC LC
1LC, Least Concern; NT, Near Threatened; EN, Endangered; CR, Critically Endangered. 2Small, ,1 kg; medium 1–25 kg; large .25 kg.
Occupancy analysis
Occupancymodels could be fitted for 18 mammals. For these species, estimated occupancy ranged from 0.92 ± SE 0.07 for blue duiker, to 0.35 ± SE 0.10 for Lady Burton’srope squirrel Funisciurus Isabella (Table 2). Detection probability ranged from0.46 ± SE 0.05 for LadyBurton’s rope squirrel, to 0.02 ± SE 0.01 for yellow-backed duiker. The occupancy of all species of conservation concern forwhich occupancy analysis was possible was.0.5, but their detection probabilities were low (#0.15). Bates’ pygmy antelope Neotragus batesi and agile manga-
bey were the only species for which the null model (no covariates included) was the top-ranked model. Proximity to the river was the most common predictor of occupancy. Tree cover was negatively correlated with occupancy for chimpanzees, implying that chimpanzee occupancy in- creased in cropland. Proximity to the road did not have a negative influence on occupancy for any species, and had a positive influence for Peter’s duiker. Proximity to the Reserve had a positive effect on the occupancy of three
rodents (brush-tailed porcupine, giant squirrel Protoxerus stangeri and giant pouched rat Cricetomys emini) and a negative effect on the occupancy of bay duiker and fire- footed rope squirrel Funisciurus pyrropus. For model selec- tion details, model outputs and (Q)AICcWt information, see Supplementary Tables 3–5.
Discussion
The Dja region in Cameroon is important for mammals (Bruce et al., 2018a), but there is increasing human activity and pressure on wildlife, and more surveys are needed to evaluate the status of mammal populations. We conducted a camera-trap survey in a previously unsurveyed commu- nity forest and adjacent habitat surrounding a village to the south-east of the Dja Biosphere Reserve and identified 24 mammal species, including six with an IUCN Red List status of Near Threatened or threatened: two medium-sized and large duikers (bay and yellow-backed), putty-nosed monkey, tree pangolin, chimpanzee and western lowland gorilla. Four of these species of conservation concern used
Oryx, 2022, 56(6), 947–955 © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Fauna & Flora International doi:10.1017/S0030605321000806 Trophic guild
Omnivore Omnivore Carnivore Carnivore Carnivore Carnivore
Insectivore Herbivore
Herbivore Herbivore Herbivore Herbivore Omnivore
Herbivore Omnivore Omnivore Omnivore Herbivore
Herbivore Omnivore Herbivore Herbivore Herbivore
Body size2
Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium
Medium Medium
Medium Large
Medium Medium Large
Large Large
Medium Medium Medium
Medium Medium Small Small Small
Naïve occupancy
0.31 0.31 0.04 0.15 0.12 0.23
0.15 0.85
0.50 0.23 0.77 0.15 0.42
0.04 0.31 0.04 0.04 0.73
0.81 0.81 0.65 0.58 0.35
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