942 S. S. dos Santos et al.
affinity with people or gradual loss of any such affinity, and (for females) gestation in the medium and long term (5–10 years; de Lima et al., 2007). In addition to these criteria,manatees surviving for 1 year
after release, using adequate habitats, not requiring repeated rescuing, and exhibiting good physical condition were con- sidered successful releases (Normande et al., 2015; Adimey et al., 2016).
Results
The combined total number of monitoring days for all manatees was 4,005. Astro was the only individual to use areas in the states of Sergipe and Bahia, with a home range of 42.07 km2 and two fidelity sites (Fig. 1a). In the Vaza Barris River, he travelled 14.24 km upstream and 0.42 km from the coast. His main area of use was the estu- arine complex of the Piauí/Fundo/Real Rivers, where he travelled 12.56 km upstream (but used these areas with less intensity) and ranged 0.93 km from the coast. Mel and Puã were the only animals monitored in the
state of Paraíba that visited areas beyond the limits of the Mamanguape River estuary, with a larger home range than others in the
state.Mel had a home range of 5.99km2,mainly encompassing the estuary of the Mamanguape River, where her sole fidelity site was located. She travelled up to 3.59 km upstream and 0.55 km from the coast. She also travelled c. 28 km south, to the beaches of Cabedelo, making use of coastal areas and the Paraíba River estuary, where she moved 7.71kmupstreamand 0.57kmfromthe coast (Fig. 1b). Puã’s home range was 24.21 km2, encompassing the estu-
aries of the Mamanguape and Paraíba Rivers. This individ- ual mainly used the Mamanguape River estuary, where two fidelity sites were identified. He travelled 3.08 km upstream and 0.52kmfrom the coast. In the Paraíba River, he travelled 7.06 km upstream and 0.68 km offshore (Fig. 1c). Tita, Yara and Zelinha used areas within the estuary of
the Mamanguape River, in Paraíba. Tita’s home range dif- fered from that of the others, using only upstream areas of the Mamanguape River and reaching 10.17 km upriver. Tita was never recorded near the mouth of the river. Her home range was 3.93 km2, with five fidelity sites (Fig. 1d). Yara’s 2.56 km2 home range encompassed two fidelity
sites. She mostly used the area near the reefs, including one fidelity site. She also often used Croa do Meio and the mouth of the Camurupim River, and travelled 3.56 km up- river and up to 0.69 km from the coast (Fig. 1e). Both of her fidelity sites were located in areas regularly used by mana- tees for feeding. Yara also used two tributaries near the mouth of the Mamanguape River, where salinity is low: the Sinibú and the Caracabú, on the left and right bank of the Mamanguape, respectively (her captive adaptation location was at the Caracabú tributary).
Oryx, 2022, 56(6), 939–946 © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Fauna & Flora International doi:10.1017/S003060532100079X
TABLE 1 Individual information and results of telemetry monitoring of sixWest Indian manatees Trichechus manatus on the north-eastern coast of Brazil, 2016–2019. Individual Sex1
Stranding site (state2), year
Astro M Aracati (CE), 1991
Mel
F Icapuí (CE), 2004
Puã M Porto do Mangue (RN), 2004
Tita Yara
F Aracati (CE), 2005
F Lucena (PB), 2007
Zelinha F São Miguel do Gostoso (RN), 2003
Years in captivity
3 5 6
7 5 6
Year of release
1994 2009 2010
2012 2012 2009
1F, female; M, male. 2CE, Ceará; RN, Rio Grande do Norte; Al, Alagoas; PB, Paraíba.
Monitoring time (years)
25 10 9
6 7
10
Release site (state2)
Paripueira (AL)
Rio Tinto (PB)
Rio Tinto (PB)
Rio Tinto (PB)
Rio Tinto (PB)
Rio Tinto (PB)
Monitoring period
Mar. 2018– Dec. 2019
Apr. 2016– Dec. 2019
Apr. 2016– Dec. 2019
Oct. 2016– Feb. 2018
Oct. 2016– Dec. 2019
Apr. 2016– Dec. 2019
Monitoring days
799
1,319 603
174 117 993
Number of locations
7,454
20,343 5,168
2,422 541
13,164
Home range (km2)
42.07 5.99
24.21
3.93 2.56 2.83
6.53 0.24 2.01
0.69 0.36 0.33
Fidelity site (km2)
Fidelity sites
2 1 2
5 2 5
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