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Traditional knowledge guides rewilding efforts in Finland Undisturbedpeatlands act as carbon sinks and support biodiversity. Finland has drained 60% (.60,000 km2)ofits peatlands, releasingvast amounts of carbon dioxide into the atmos- phere, and destroying entire ecosystems. To reverse this damage, scientists and Finnish traditional and Indigenous knowledge holders are now collaborating to rewild and protect peatlands and associated forests and rivers, turning them into carbon sinks again. These efforts are bringing back wildlife and are sup- porting fishing, hunting and even tourism, benefittingthelocalcommunities.TheFinnish collaborations are also serving as inspiration and guide to those seeking to use rewilding to curbclimatechange,enhancebiodiversity,cre- ate sustainable land use systems, and restore forest, freshwater and wetland ecosystems, while supporting traditional communities. Rewilding Europe, for example, is launching a collaborative rewilding project in Sweden with the Sámi that aims to attract tourists to the restored landscape. It is hoped that local communities will initiate similar schemes throughout theArctic. Source: Mongabay (2022) news.mongabay. com/2022/03/traditional-knowledge- guides-protection-of-planetary-health- in-finland


Britain’s butterflies bolstered by conservation efforts Some of the UK’s most threatened butter- flies weathered a poor year in 2021 thanks to conservation efforts, annual survey re- sults have shown. The woodland-loving heath fritillary has doubled in abundance in the past decade, although it has declined by 90% compared to numbers in 1980. The silver-studded blue also thrived, recording its best year since 1996. The restoration of lost habitats enabled these species to fare well despite bad weather, including a cold, drenching May in England. TheUK Butter- fly Monitoring Scheme, comprising almost half a million records, showed 2021 was a difficult year for overall butterfly abun- dance, ranking 28th of 46 years in records dating to 1976. The long-term trends for British butterflies are mainly driven by human activity, in particular destruction and degradation of natural habitats by intensive farming. Of the 54 species for which there is long-term data in England, 20 show declines and 12 are increasing. Source: The Guardian (2022) theguardian. com/environment/2022/mar/30/britains- butterflies-conservation-species-2021


War inUkraine poses environmental risk As Russian forces bombard Ukraine, the nation’s ecosystems are becoming scorched and scarred, rewinding decades of conserva- tion work, according to Ukrainian climate advocates. Svitlana Romanko, a Ukrainian climate justice activist and former environ- mental law professor, said that the conse- quences of the damage on the environment and biodiversitywill be felt for years to come. Nearly one-third of the country’sprotected waters and lands have been occupied by Russian forces, leaving the Ukrainian gov- ernment and environmentalists in the dark about climate risks or how the land might have been harmed. Evgenia Zasyadko, cli- mate policy coordinator for Ecoaction, a Ukrainian environmental advocacy organi- zation, said they are reluctant to collect data on the climate and environmental impact now, given the challenges posed by the ongoing conflict. Source: MSN (2022) msn.com/en-us/ news/politics/war-in-ukraine-poses- environmental-risk-now-and-in-the-future- advocates-say/ar-AAWmLPO


Birds of prey affected by lead poisoning from gun ammunition Poisoning caused by preying on or scaveng- ing animals shot by hunters using lead am- munition has left the populations of many raptors far smaller than they should be, ac- cording to the first study to calculate these impacts across Europe. When birds such as eagles and red kites scavenge carcasses or eat injured animals with fragments of toxic lead from gun ammunition embedded in their bodies, they can become poisoned, suf- fering slowand painful deaths. Smaller doses have been shown to alter behaviour and physiology. Now, scientists have used data on lead levels in the livers of over 3,000 raptors found dead in more than a dozen countries to calculate the extent to which poisoning by lead ammunition has affected Europe’s raptor populations. Researchers es- timate that, for 10 raptor species, poisoning from lead ammunition alone has resulted in an absence of c. 55,000 adult birds from European skies. Worst affected are spe- cies such as eagles that are naturally long- lived, rear few young per year and breed later in life. They estimate that the overall European population of 10 raptor species is at least 6% smaller than it should be, solely as a result of poisoning from lead ammunition. Sources: Science of The Total Environment (2022) doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022. 154017 & Phys.org (2022) phys.org/news/ 2022-03-birds-prey-populations-europe- suppressed.html


Opinions divided over reintroduction of lynx to Scotland The first detailed social feasibility study into a trial reintroduction of lynx to Scotland has found that opinions on the idea are divided. The wild cats were once native to Britain but were driven to extinction 500 to 1,000 years ago. The Lynx to Scotland project commis- sioned the research in the Cairngorms National Park and Argyll. The year-long study soughtthe viewsofrural workersand communities, interviewing farmers, foresters, gamekeepers and conservationists. It identi- fied some support for bringing back lynx but found opposition among rural residents andworkers. The perceived benefits included ecotourism and lynx helping to control roe deer numbers in areas where they damage woodland, but there were concerns that the felids could prey on livestock. According to the researchers, there was very little concern that the cats posed any danger to people. But they also said there was general agree- ment the wider public did not know enough about lynx to make informed decisions on whether they should return. Lynx to Scotland said the study showed a successful reintroduction would be dependent on peo- ple’s attitudes, and it believed a trial could still be possible. The researchers have recom- mended setting up aworking group to exam- ine the points of disagreement. Source: BBC (2022) bbc.com/news/uk- scotland-highlands-islands-61242930


Belgium to ban import of hunting trophies from protected species In March 2022 the Belgium Parliament took a significant step against the import and trade in animal trophies, adopting with overwhelming support a resolution urging the government to immediately end the authorization of trophy import permits of certain threatened species. Among those in- cluded are the rhinoceros, African elephant, lion, polar bear and argali sheep, which are listed in Annex A of the EU’sregulation on trade in plants and animals. The resolution also includes certain animal species listed in Annex B of the same regulation. The reso- lution is in line with themajor public interest in Belgiumin animalwelfare.The country has some of the highest levels of opposition to trophy hunting among EU member states. According to the results of a survey by Ipsos commissioned by Humane Society Interna- tional/Europe, 91%ofBelgiansopposetrophy hunting and 88% support the prohibition of importing any kind of hunting trophy. Source: Humane Society International (2022) hsi.org/news-media/belgium- parliament-ban-the-import-of-hunting- trophies


Oryx, 2022, 56(4), 483–488 © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Fauna & Flora International doi:10.1017/S0030605322000606


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